Mpeg1,也称为巨噬细胞表达的基因1,是一种广泛存在于多种生物体内的免疫效应分子。它属于MACPF/Cholesterol Dependent Cytolysin (CDC)超家族的孔形成蛋白(PFPs),具有形成孔洞并破坏入侵病原体细胞膜的能力[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]。Mpeg1的蛋白结构中包含一个MACPF结构域和一个单一的跨膜区域,这些结构特征与孔形成蛋白的活性密切相关[1]。
在哺乳动物中,Mpeg1的表达受炎症信号如肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα)和脂多糖(LPS)的调节。Mpeg1的突变会导致细胞和动物对微生物感染的敏感性增加。此外,Mpeg1的表达还与人类反复肺结核感染有关[2]。
Mpeg1在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用,包括细胞分化和发育。在动脉粥样硬化中,Mpeg1通过NF-κB/IL-6信号通路介导巨噬细胞的炎症反应,促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。在糖尿病心肌病中,Mpeg1通过下调lncRNA TINCR抑制焦亡和糖尿病心肌病的发生。在结直肠癌中,Mpeg1通过m6A修饰抑制SOX4 mRNA的表达,从而抑制肿瘤的转移。此外,Mpeg1的基因多态性与中国儿童Wilms瘤的易感性降低相关。
Mpeg1的研究有助于深入理解RNA表观遗传修饰的生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
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