基因IQSEC1,也称为IQ motif and Sec7 domain-containing protein 1或BRAG2(Brefeldin A-resistant Arf-GEF 2),是一种重要的Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF),负责调节小GTPase ARF6的活性。ARF6是ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)家族的一员,参与多种细胞过程,包括膜转运、细胞骨架组织和信号传导。IQSEC1通过激活ARF6,参与调控多种细胞内的动态过程,如细胞迁移、细胞粘附、细胞吞噬和细胞内吞等[8]。
IQSEC1在多种疾病中发挥重要作用。例如,在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中,IQSEC1-rs2686742与OSCC的发生相关[1]。此外,IQSEC1-rs2600322等SNPs与OSCC患者的临床特征和预后相关,提示IQSEC1在OSCC的发病机制和预后中可能发挥重要作用[1]。在唾液腺癌(SGC)、成釉细胞瘤(AM)和牙源性角化囊肿(OKC)中,IQSEC1-rs2600322和IQSEC1-rs2686742与AM的风险相关,而SYN2-rs3773364、TIMP4-rs3755724、PPARG-rs10865710和PPARG-rs1175544与SGC的易感性和患者生存相关[2]。这些发现表明,IQSEC1和PPARG基因中的多个SNPs与头颈部肿瘤的发生、发展和预后相关,可能作为早期诊断和预后预测的潜在生物标志物[2]。
IQSEC1的基因突变也与某些神经发育障碍相关。例如,在两个近亲家庭中,IQSEC1基因的纯合子非同义突变导致智力障碍、发育迟缓和身材矮小[3]。此外,小鼠中Iqsec1基因的敲除导致胚胎死亡,并伴随内脏内胚层细胞中大型顶端空泡的减少[4]。这些发现表明,IQSEC1在胚胎发生中发挥关键作用,可能通过调节内脏内胚层细胞的膜转运来影响胚胎发育[4]。
除了上述疾病,IQSEC1还与运动协调困难相关。在运动协调的基因组关联研究中,IQSEC1基因中的一个SNP显示出与运动协调能力的相关性,提示IQSEC1可能通过影响轴突引导和树突投射过程来影响运动协调能力[5]。此外,IQSEC1还与牙周病相关。在牙周病相关的GWAS研究中,IQSEC1基因的一个SNP与牙周病相关的微生物丰度相关[6]。
此外,IQSEC1还参与IgA肾病的发病机制。在IgA肾病的表观基因组关联研究中,IQSEC1基因的一个基因模块与IgA肾病相关,提示IQSEC1在IgA肾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用[7]。
综上所述,基因IQSEC1是一种重要的GEF,参与多种细胞过程,包括膜转运、细胞骨架组织和信号传导。IQSEC1在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括口腔鳞状细胞癌、唾液腺癌、成釉细胞瘤、牙源性角化囊肿、智力障碍、发育迟缓、身材矮小、运动协调困难和牙周病等。IQSEC1的研究有助于深入理解其在细胞过程和疾病发生中的功能,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Yuan, Minyan, Zheng, Xueqing, Jing, Jiaojiao, Liu, Nianke, Song, Yaling. 2023. Genetic associations between gene polymorphisms on 3p25 and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In Oral diseases, 30, 1018-1031. doi:10.1111/odi.14514. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36680374/
2. Zheng, Xueqing, Jing, Jiaojiao, Yuan, Minyan, Liu, Nianke, Song, Yaling. 2023. Contribution of gene polymorphisms on 3p25 to salivary gland carcinoma, ameloblastoma, and odontogenic keratocyst in the Chinese Han population. In Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 136, 220-230. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2023.05.006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37495273/
3. Ansar, Muhammad, Chung, Hyung-Lok, Al-Otaibi, Ali, Bellen, Hugo J, Antonarakis, Stylianos E. 2019. Bi-allelic Variants in IQSEC1 Cause Intellectual Disability, Developmental Delay, and Short Stature. In American journal of human genetics, 105, 907-920. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607425/
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5. Mountford, Hayley S, Hill, Amanda, Barnett, Anna L, Newbury, Dianne F. 2021. Genome-Wide Association Study of Motor Coordination. In Frontiers in human neuroscience, 15, 669902. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.669902. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177493/
6. Yang, Teresa, Cheng, Bin, Noble, James M, Reitz, Christiane, Papapanou, Panos N. 2022. Replication of gene polymorphisms associated with periodontitis-related traits in an elderly cohort: the Washington Heights/Inwood Community Aging Project Ancillary Study of Oral Health. In Journal of clinical periodontology, 49, 414-427. doi:10.1111/jcpe.13605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35179257/
7. Lin, Yifei, Yin, Peiran, Zhu, Zhaozhong, Liang, Liming, Yu, Xueqing. 2021. Epigenome-wide association study and network analysis for IgA Nephropathy from CD19+ B-cell in Chinese Population. In Epigenetics, 16, 1283-1294. doi:10.1080/15592294.2020.1861171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33319642/
8. Moravec, Radim, Conger, Kathryn K, D'Souza, Ryan, Allison, Anne B, Casanova, James E. 2012. BRAG2/GEP100/IQSec1 interacts with clathrin and regulates α5β1 integrin endocytosis through activation of ADP ribosylation factor 5 (Arf5). In The Journal of biological chemistry, 287, 31138-47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.383117. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815487/