MPDZ基因,也称为MUPP1,编码一种多PDZ结构域蛋白,在细胞信号传导、细胞间连接和细胞骨架组织中发挥重要作用。PDZ结构域是一种蛋白质结合模块,负责识别并结合特定蛋白质的C末端序列。MPDZ蛋白包含多个PDZ结构域,使其能够与多种蛋白质相互作用,形成蛋白质复合物,从而调节信号传导途径和细胞功能。
MPDZ基因的突变与多种疾病相关,包括先天性脑积水、黄斑发育不良、听力丧失、癫痫和心血管疾病。例如,MPDZ基因的复合杂合突变与孤立性双侧黄斑缺损有关[1]。此外,MPDZ基因的表达和功能也与酒精依赖和酒精戒断症状有关[2,3]。MPDZ基因的缺失还会导致室管膜细胞完整性受损,从而引发围产期脑积水[4]。
研究表明,MPDZ基因在视网膜发育中发挥重要作用。例如,MPDZ基因的敲低会导致斑马鱼视网膜发育失败,表现为椭球区减少、外限膜破坏和视网膜色素上皮层变性[1]。此外,MPDZ基因的突变还与视网膜色素上皮层缺损有关,表现为黄斑缺损、脉络膜视网膜萎缩和视网膜变薄[5,6]。
MPDZ基因还参与血管生成过程中的Notch信号传导。DLL4诱导的Notch信号传导可以抑制尖端细胞形成和血管分支。MPDZ蛋白与DLL1和DLL4的细胞内羧基末端相互作用,使其与黏附连接蛋白Nectin-2结合,从而增强Notch信号传导活性。MPDZ基因的失活会导致Notch信号传导活性受损,并增加血管芽生[7]。
MPDZ基因的表达和功能也与酒精戒断症状有关。研究表明,MPDZ基因在黑质致密部的表达对酒精戒断症状至关重要。MPDZ基因的表达减少会加剧酒精戒断症状[7]。此外,MPDZ基因的突变还与酒精依赖有关。研究发现,MPDZ基因的某些单核苷酸多态性与酒精依赖相关,提示MPDZ基因可能在酒精依赖的发生发展中发挥作用[3]。
MPDZ基因还参与肺癌的发生发展。MPDZ基因的甲基化和表达下调与肺癌的发生和不良预后相关。研究表明,MPDZ基因通过Hippo-YAP信号通路抑制肺癌细胞的生长、迁移和侵袭[8]。
综上所述,MPDZ基因编码一种多PDZ结构域蛋白,在细胞信号传导、细胞间连接和细胞骨架组织中发挥重要作用。MPDZ基因的突变与多种疾病相关,包括先天性脑积水、黄斑发育不良、听力丧失、癫痫和心血管疾病。MPDZ基因的表达和功能也与酒精依赖和酒精戒断症状有关。此外,MPDZ基因还参与血管生成过程中的Notch信号传导和肺癌的发生发展。MPDZ基因的研究有助于深入理解其生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Zhang, Shuang, Zhang, Fangxia, Wang, Juan, Xia, Xiaobo, Sheng, Xunlun. 2022. Novel Compound Heterozygous Variations in MPDZ Gene Caused Isolated Bilateral Macular Coloboma in a Chinese Family. In Cells, 11, . doi:10.3390/cells11223602. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36429029/
2. Tetzlaff, Fabian, Adam, M Gordian, Feldner, Anja, Sprinzak, David, Fischer, Andreas. 2018. MPDZ promotes DLL4-induced Notch signaling during angiogenesis. In eLife, 7, . doi:10.7554/eLife.32860. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29620522/
3. Karpyak, Victor M, Kim, Jeong-Hyun, Biernacka, Joanna M, Black, John L, Choi, Doo-Sup. 2009. Sequence variations of the human MPDZ gene and association with alcoholism in subjects with European ancestry. In Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 33, 712-21. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00888.x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19175764/
4. Feldner, Anja, Adam, M Gordian, Tetzlaff, Fabian, von Deimling, Andreas, Fischer, Andreas. . Loss of Mpdz impairs ependymal cell integrity leading to perinatal-onset hydrocephalus in mice. In EMBO molecular medicine, 9, 890-905. doi:10.15252/emmm.201606430. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28500065/
5. Rad, Aboulfazl, Bartsch, Oliver, Bakhtiari, Somayeh, Bowl, Michael R, Vona, Barbara. 2024. Expanding the spectrum of phenotypes for MPDZ: Report of four unrelated families and review of the literature. In Clinical genetics, 106, 413-426. doi:10.1111/cge.14563. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38857973/
6. Iyengar, Rahul, Deardorff, Matthew, Schmidt, Ryan, Nagiel, Aaron. 2023. Retinal manifestations in autosomal recessive MPDZ maculopathy: report of two cases and literature review. In Ophthalmic genetics, 44, 572-576. doi:10.1080/13816810.2022.2161580. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36594712/
7. Kruse, L C, Walter, N A R, Buck, K J. 2014. Mpdz expression in the caudolateral substantia nigra pars reticulata is crucially involved in alcohol withdrawal. In Genes, brain, and behavior, 13, 769-76. doi:10.1111/gbb.12171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25109596/
8. Liu, Wenbin, Huang, Yongsheng, Wang, Dandan, Cao, Jia, Liu, Jinyi. 2021. MPDZ as a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor inhibits growth and progression of lung cancer through the Hippo-YAP pathway. In Oncogene, 40, 4468-4485. doi:10.1038/s41388-021-01857-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34108620/