GPR176是一种属于G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)家族的孤儿受体,编码一种由515个氨基酸组成的糖基化蛋白。GPR176与Gz/Gx G蛋白亚族相关,能够降低cAMP的产生。它具有组成性活性,即使没有已知的配体也能发挥作用。GPR176在多种生物学过程中发挥作用,包括肿瘤发生、发展、免疫调节和生物钟调控。
在肿瘤领域,GPR176的表达与多种恶性肿瘤的预后不良相关。研究发现,在胃癌、卵巢癌、食管癌和乳腺癌等肿瘤中,GPR176的表达水平显著高于正常组织。高表达GPR176的肿瘤患者往往具有较差的生存率。此外,GPR176的表达还与肿瘤的侵袭性、化疗耐药性和免疫逃逸等相关。例如,在胃癌中,GPR176高表达的患者肿瘤免疫功能障碍和排斥的风险更高,CD8+ T细胞的浸润水平更低[1]。在卵巢癌中,GPR176的表达与肿瘤残留状态、不良预后和免疫细胞浸润水平相关[2]。在食管癌中,GPR176的表达与肿瘤的侵袭性、化疗耐药性和脂质生成相关[3]。在乳腺癌中,GPR176的表达与肿瘤的侵袭性、不良预后和免疫调节相关[4]。
除了在肿瘤中的作用外,GPR176还参与免疫调节和生物钟调控。研究发现,GPR176的表达与免疫细胞浸润水平相关,高表达GPR176的肿瘤组织中免疫细胞浸润水平较低。此外,GPR176还参与生物钟调控,它位于下丘脑的视交叉上核(SCN)中,与Gz/Gx G蛋白和RGS16一起调节SCN中的cAMP水平,从而影响昼夜节律[5,6]。
综上所述,GPR176是一种多功能受体,在肿瘤发生、发展、免疫调节和生物钟调控中发挥着重要作用。GPR176的表达与多种恶性肿瘤的预后不良相关,并且与肿瘤的侵袭性、化疗耐药性和免疫逃逸等相关。此外,GPR176还参与免疫调节和生物钟调控。因此,GPR176有望成为肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后评估的潜在靶标和生物标志物。
参考文献:
1. Gu, Xianhua, Shen, Honghong, Xiang, Zheng, Su, Fang, Wang, Zishu. 2023. Exploring the Correlation Between GPR176, a Potential Target Gene of Gastric Cancer, and Immune Cell Infiltration. In Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 16, 519-535. doi:10.2147/PGPM.S411199. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37284492/
2. Yang, Ning, Yun, Wen-Jing, Cui, Zheng-Guo, Zheng, Hua-Chuan. 2024. The oncogenic roles of GPR176 in ovarian cancer: a molecular target for aggressiveness and gene therapy. In Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 44, 2347430. doi:10.1080/01443615.2024.2347430. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38835234/
3. Yun, Wen-Jing, Li, Jun, Yin, Nan-Chang, Zhang, Li, Zheng, Hua-Chuan. 2023. The promoting effects of GPR176 expression on proliferation, chemoresistance, lipogenesis and invasion of oesophageal cancer. In Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 149, 14641-14655. doi:10.1007/s00432-023-05256-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37584712/
4. Yun, Wen-Jing, Xue, Hang, Yang, Ning, Sun, Hong-Zhi, Zheng, Hua-Chuan. 2023. Oncogenic roles of GPR176 in breast cancer: a potential marker of aggressiveness and a potential target of gene therapy. In Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 25, 3042-3056. doi:10.1007/s12094-023-03174-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37079213/
5. Nakagawa, Shumpei, Nguyen Pham, Khanh Tien, Shao, Xinyan, Doi, Masao. 2020. Time-Restricted G-Protein Signaling Pathways via GPR176, Gz, and RGS16 Set the Pace of the Master Circadian Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. In International journal of molecular sciences, 21, . doi:10.3390/ijms21145055. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32709014/
6. Ni, Lin, Chen, Shuming, Liu, Jianyong, Wang, Bing, Lin, Chengzhi. 2023. GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. In Mediators of inflammation, 2023, 7123568. doi:10.1155/2023/7123568. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37124060/