SLC19A1,也称为叶酸转运蛋白1,是一种在哺乳动物细胞中表达的跨膜蛋白。该基因编码的蛋白质负责将叶酸和其他抗叶酸药物从细胞外转运到细胞内,是维持细胞内叶酸水平的重要载体。叶酸是一种重要的水溶性维生素,参与多种生物化学反应,包括DNA和RNA的合成,以及氨基酸的代谢。因此,SLC19A1在维持正常的细胞生长、分裂和修复中起着关键作用。
SLC19A1的表达和功能受到多种因素的调控,包括缺氧和免疫状态。缺氧可以诱导SLC19A1的表达,从而增加细胞对叶酸的摄取,以适应缺氧环境下的能量需求。免疫状态也可以影响SLC19A1的表达,例如,在炎症反应中,SLC19A1的表达会增加,以满足免疫细胞对叶酸的需求。
SLC19A1的表达异常与多种疾病的发生和发展相关。例如,在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中,SLC19A1的表达上调,与患者的预后不良相关[1]。在神经管缺陷(NTDs)的发生中,SLC19A1基因的变异与NTDs的风险增加相关,尤其是在母亲怀孕早期发热的情况下[2]。
SLC19A1不仅在叶酸的转运中发挥作用,还可以转运免疫相关的循环二核苷酸(CDNs)。CDNs是一种重要的信号分子,可以激活免疫细胞,启动免疫反应。SLC19A1可以将CDNs从细胞外转运到细胞内,从而激活免疫细胞,发挥免疫调节作用[3][4][5]。
SLC19A1的表达异常还可以导致多种疾病,例如,SLC19A1基因的纯合性缺失可以导致叶酸依赖性巨幼细胞性贫血[6]。此外,SLC19A1的表达上调还可以在骨肉瘤中作为诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物[7]。
SLC19A1的表达异常还可以影响抗叶酸药物的治疗效果。例如,SLC19A1基因的多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者甲氨蝶呤(MTX)毒性相关[8]。此外,SLC19A1基因的多态性还与类风湿性关节炎患者MTX毒性相关[9]。SLC19A1基因的多态性还与儿童和青少年ALL/NHML患者HD-MTX诱导的毒性相关[10]。
综上所述,SLC19A1是一种重要的叶酸转运蛋白,参与维持细胞内叶酸水平,并影响免疫反应。SLC19A1的表达异常与多种疾病的发生和发展相关,包括MM、NTDs、巨幼细胞性贫血和骨肉瘤等。SLC19A1的研究有助于深入理解叶酸的代谢和免疫调节机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
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2. Pei, Lijun, Zhu, Huiping, Ye, Rongwei, Li, Zhiwen, Zheng, Xiaoying. 2014. Interaction between the SLC19A1 gene and maternal first trimester fever on offspring neural tube defects. In Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 103, 3-11. doi:10.1002/bdra.23257. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917213/
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