Tsc22d3(也称为Gilz)是一种由糖皮质激素诱导的基因,其表达受糖皮质激素受体的调控。Tsc22d3基因编码的蛋白质含有亮氨酸拉链结构域,是一种转录因子,参与调节多种生物学过程,包括免疫反应、细胞增殖和炎症反应。Tsc22d3在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用,如癌症、白血病、糖尿病和哮喘等。
研究表明,压力和糖皮质激素水平的升高会导致Tsc22d3表达上调。在癌症治疗过程中,压力和糖皮质激素水平升高会抑制肿瘤免疫监视,降低治疗效果[1]。此外,Tsc22d3在急性髓系白血病(AML)中表达上调,与患者预后不良相关。Tsc22d3通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,降低IL-1β的释放,从而抑制巨噬细胞极化为M1型,减弱炎症肿瘤微环境[2]。
Tsc22d3在吗啡耐受性中也发挥重要作用。Tsc22d3表达上调会激活铁死亡途径,增强细胞凋亡,促进脑细胞炎症反应,从而加剧吗啡耐受性[3]。Tsc22d3在哮喘治疗中也具有重要作用。糖皮质激素可以上调TSC22D3的表达,抑制哮喘患者气道平滑肌细胞中的炎症反应[4]。
Tsc22d3在男性生育中也具有重要作用。Tsc22d3基因敲除小鼠表现出睾丸发育不良,导致不育。Tsc22d3基因敲除小鼠对钠和水的处理能力降低,体重减轻,出现轻度高胰岛素血症,对高脂肪饮食的抵抗力降低[5]。此外,Tsc22d3基因敲除小鼠的睾丸组织表现出细胞凋亡增加,Leydig细胞数量增多,FSH和睾酮水平显著升高。
Tsc22d3在糖尿病视网膜病变中也发挥重要作用。糖皮质激素可以上调TSC22D3的表达,抑制低氧诱导的HIF-1α蛋白水平,从而降低糖尿病小鼠视网膜中Galectin-1的表达[6]。此外,Tsc22d3基因敲除小鼠对LPS诱导的炎症反应具有抵抗力,这表明Tsc22d3可能在治疗系统性炎症方面具有潜在的应用价值[7]。
综上所述,Tsc22d3是一种重要的糖皮质激素响应基因,参与调节免疫反应、细胞增殖和炎症反应。Tsc22d3在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用,如癌症、白血病、糖尿病和哮喘等。深入研究Tsc22d3的生物学功能和调控机制,有助于揭示疾病的发生发展机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Yang, Heng, Xia, Lin, Chen, Jian, Kroemer, Guido, Ma, Yuting. 2019. Stress-glucocorticoid-TSC22D3 axis compromises therapy-induced antitumor immunity. In Nature medicine, 25, 1428-1441. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0566-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31501614/
2. Li, Yang, Huang, Hanying, Zhu, Ziang, Liang, Yang, Shu, Lingling. 2023. TSC22D3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia. In iScience, 26, 107451. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37575189/
3. Chen, Yan, Li, Shan, Guo, Fenghui. 2024. Tsc22d3 promotes morphine tolerance in mice through the GPX4 ferroptosis pathway. In Aging, 16, 9859-9875. doi:10.18632/aging.205903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38843390/
4. Himes, Blanca E, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Wagner, Peter, Weiss, Scott T, Lu, Quan. 2014. RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling identifies CRISPLD2 as a glucocorticoid responsive gene that modulates cytokine function in airway smooth muscle cells. In PloS one, 9, e99625. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099625. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24926665/
5. Suarez, Philippe Emmanuel, Rodriguez, Elena Gonzalez, Soundararajan, Rama, Rossier, Bernard Claude, Hummler, Edith. 2012. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (gilz/Tsc22d3-2) gene locus plays a crucial role in male fertility. In Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 26, 1000-13. doi:10.1210/me.2011-1249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22556341/
6. Nakamura, Ryosuke, Bing, Renjie, Gartling, Gary J, Garabedian, Michael J, Branski, Ryan C. 2022. Glucocorticoid Dose Dependency on Gene Expression in Vocal Fold Fibroblasts and Macrophages. In The Laryngoscope, 133, 1169-1175. doi:10.1002/lary.30330. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36779842/
7. Kanda, Atsuhiro, Hirose, Ikuyo, Noda, Kousuke, Murata, Miyuki, Ishida, Susumu. 2020. Glucocorticoid-transactivated TSC22D3 attenuates hypoxia- and diabetes-induced Müller glial galectin-1 expression via HIF-1α destabilization. In Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 24, 4589-4599. doi:10.1111/jcmm.15116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32150332/