TRPV1,即瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1,是一种非选择性阳离子通道,广泛表达于哺乳动物的多种细胞类型中,包括感觉神经元、皮肤细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和内皮细胞等。该通道能够被多种刺激激活,包括热、酸、辣椒素和炎症介质等,参与调节疼痛感知、炎症反应、细胞代谢和生理过程[4,5]。
TRPV1在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括神经退行性疾病、骨关节炎、热射病和癌症等。在神经退行性疾病中,TRPV1能够调节脂质代谢和自噬,从而影响神经元的存活和功能[1]。在骨关节炎中,TRPV1能够抑制软骨细胞铁死亡,减缓骨关节炎的进展[2]。在热射病中,TRPV1基因的变异与热射病的易感性相关[6]。在癌症中,TRPV1能够影响肿瘤免疫监视,从而影响肿瘤的发生和发展[3]。
综上所述,TRPV1是一种重要的非选择性阳离子通道,参与调节多种生理和病理过程。深入研究TRPV1的生物学功能和分子机制,有助于开发针对TRPV1的药物,用于治疗多种疾病,包括神经退行性疾病、骨关节炎、热射病和癌症等。
参考文献:
1. Wang, Chenfei, Lu, Jia, Sha, Xudong, Chen, Hongzhuan, Yu, Zhihua. 2023. TRPV1 regulates ApoE4-disrupted intracellular lipid homeostasis and decreases synaptic phagocytosis by microglia. In Experimental & molecular medicine, 55, 347-363. doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00935-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36720919/
2. Lv, Zhongyang, Han, Jie, Li, Jiawei, Chen, Xiao, Shi, Dongquan. 2022. Single cell RNA-seq analysis identifies ferroptotic chondrocyte cluster and reveals TRPV1 as an anti-ferroptotic target in osteoarthritis. In EBioMedicine, 84, 104258. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104258. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36137413/
3. Balood, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Maryam, Eichwald, Tuany, Woolf, Clifford J, Talbot, Sebastien. 2022. Nociceptor neurons affect cancer immunosurveillance. In Nature, 611, 405-412. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05374-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36323780/
4. Gouin, Olivier, L'Herondelle, Killian, Lebonvallet, Nicolas, Misery, Laurent, Le Garrec, Raphaele. 2017. TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. In Protein & cell, 8, 644-661. doi:10.1007/s13238-017-0395-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28364279/
5. Ben-Shaanan, Tamar L, Knöpper, Konrad, Duan, Lihui, Plikus, Maksim V, Cyster, Jason G. 2024. Dermal TRPV1 innervations engage a macrophage- and fibroblast-containing pathway to activate hair growth in mice. In Developmental cell, 59, 2818-2833.e7. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38851191/
6. Bosson, Caroline, Rendu, John, Pelletier, Laurent, Roux-Buisson, Nathalie, Faure, Julien. 2020. Variations in the TRPV1 gene are associated to exertional heat stroke. In Journal of science and medicine in sport, 23, 1021-1027. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32471784/