NGFR,即神经生长因子受体(Nerve Growth Factor Receptor),是一种在神经元发育和功能中发挥重要作用的蛋白。NGFR编码的p75神经生长因子受体(p75NTR)调节神经元的生长、存活和可塑性。NGFR的异常表达或功能改变与多种神经系统疾病相关,包括抑郁症、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病等[1,2,3,4,7]。
NGFR在神经系统中的功能不仅限于神经元,它在神经胶质细胞中也发挥重要作用。例如,在阿尔茨海默病中,NGFR的表达可以影响神经胶质细胞的反应性和神经发生,从而影响疾病的进程[4]。在帕金森病中,NGFR的表达与神经元死亡和疾病的发展相关[3]。
NGFR的基因多态性也与多种疾病相关。例如,研究发现,NGFR基因中的rs2072446和rs11466162与精神分裂症的风险增加相关[1]。在阿尔茨海默病中,rs2072446也与疾病风险和脑内淀粉样蛋白沉积增加相关[2]。然而,在帕金森病中,NGFR基因多态性与疾病风险之间的关系并不明确[3]。
NGFR在肿瘤生物学中也发挥重要作用。研究发现,在神经母细胞瘤中,NGFR的表达与肿瘤细胞的分化和生长相关[6]。此外,NGFR的表达也与黏膜黑色素瘤的免疫治疗反应相关[5]。
综上所述,NGFR在神经系统和肿瘤生物学中发挥重要作用,其功能改变或基因多态性与多种疾病相关。进一步研究NGFR的功能和调控机制,可能为治疗这些疾病提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Zhao, Longyou, Hou, Binyin, Ji, Lei, Li, Xingwang, Wu, Shaochang. 2022. NGFR Gene and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, rs2072446 and rs11466162, Playing Roles in Psychiatric Disorders. In Brain sciences, 12, . doi:10.3390/brainsci12101372. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36291307/
2. He, Chen-Yang, Wang, Zuo-Teng, Shen, Ying-Ying, Zeng, Fan, Wang, Yan-Jiang. 2022. Association of rs2072446 in the NGFR gene with the risk of Alzheimer's disease and amyloid-β deposition in the brain. In CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 28, 2218-2229. doi:10.1111/cns.13965. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36074475/
3. Li, Wei-Wei, Shen, Ying-Ying, Chen, Dong-Wan, Zeng, Fan, Wang, Yan-Jiang. 2019. Genetic Association Between NGFR, ADAM17 Gene Polymorphism, and Parkinson's Disease in the Chinese Han Population. In Neurotoxicity research, 36, 463-471. doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00031-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30941646/
4. Siddiqui, Tohid, Cosacak, Mehmet Ilyas, Popova, Stanislava, Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer, Kizil, Caghan. 2023. Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) induces neurogenic plasticity by suppressing reactive astroglial Lcn2/Slc22a17 signaling in Alzheimer's disease. In NPJ Regenerative medicine, 8, 33. doi:10.1038/s41536-023-00311-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429840/
5. Sun, Lulu, Kang, Xindan, Ju, Houyu, Wang, Rui, Sun, Shuyang. 2023. A human mucosal melanoma organoid platform for modeling tumor heterogeneity and exploring immunotherapy combination options. In Science advances, 9, eadg6686. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg6686. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37889972/
6. Chen, J, Liu, T H. . [Gene expression of NGFR, EGFR, CGA, NPY in 4 neuroblastoma cell lines]. In Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology, 21, 69-72. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1323422/
7. Wang, Qiao, Wang, Huizhi, Meng, Wenjia, Shi, Lin, Meng, Fangang. 2023. The NONRATT023402.2/rno-miR-3065-5p/NGFR axis affects levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In Cell death discovery, 9, 342. doi:10.1038/s41420-023-01644-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37714835/