FOS基因,也称为c-fos,是Fos家族成员之一,编码一种即刻早期基因(immediate early gene, IEG),其蛋白产物c-Fos是一种基本的区域亮氨酸拉链转录因子。c-Fos蛋白可以与c-Jun蛋白形成异源二聚体,构成激活蛋白-1(AP-1)复合物,进而结合到DNA上的AP-1位点,调控下游基因的表达。c-Fos基因的表达受到多种信号通路的调控,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路、钙调磷酸酶(CaMK)通路等。c-Fos蛋白在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、炎症反应等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。
c-Fos基因的表达与多种疾病的发生发展相关。例如,在动脉粥样硬化中,c-Fos基因的表达与炎症细胞的浸润相关[1]。在神经系统中,c-Fos基因的表达与多巴胺能药物的激活相关[2]。此外,c-Fos基因的表达还与PM2.5诱导的miRNA改变相关[3]。此外,c-Fos基因的表达还受到多种信号通路的调控,包括ERK1/2通路、STAT通路等[4]。
c-Fos基因的表达还受到多种遗传因素的影响,例如,Tryptophan hydroxylase 2基因中的C1473G多态性可以影响急性乙醇对c-Fos基因表达的影响[5]。此外,c-Fos基因的表达还与FAD相关,但FOS基因并非FAD的致病基因[6]。
c-Fos基因的表达还与心脏发育相关,但其具体机制尚不清楚[7]。c-Fos基因的表达还受到多种转录因子的调控,例如,Fra-1可以激活心房利钠肽基因的转录[8]。
综上所述,c-Fos基因是一种重要的即刻早期基因,其蛋白产物c-Fos在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、炎症反应等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。c-Fos基因的表达受到多种信号通路和遗传因素的影响,并与多种疾病的发生发展相关。因此,深入研究c-Fos基因的功能和调控机制,对于理解疾病的发生发展机制和开发新的治疗方法具有重要意义。
参考文献:
1. Ding, Suping, Gan, Tao, Xiang, Yujun, Xie, Jiahe, Yuan, Zhidong. 2022. FOS gene associated immune infiltration signature in perivascular adipose tissues of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In Gene, 831, 146576. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146576. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35568340/
2. Robertson, H A, Paul, M L, Moratalla, R, Graybiel, A M. . Expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in basal ganglia: induction by dopaminergic drugs. In The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 18, 380-3. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1682022/
3. Cai, Ying, Li, Runbing, Zheng, Kai, Zhang, Zhaohui, Xu, Xinyun. 2021. Effect of c-fos gene silence on PM2.5-induced miRNA alteration in human bronchial epithelial cells. In Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 84, 103607. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2021.103607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33545377/
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6. Thiel, Gerald, Rössler, Oliver G. 2018. Resveratrol stimulates c-Fos gene transcription via activation of ERK1/2 involving multiple genetic elements. In Gene, 658, 70-75. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29514046/
7. Hu, E, Mueller, E, Oliviero, S, Johnson, R, Spiegelman, B M. . Targeted disruption of the c-fos gene demonstrates c-fos-dependent and -independent pathways for gene expression stimulated by growth factors or oncogenes. In The EMBO journal, 13, 3094-103. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8039503/
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