基因Fcgrt(Fc fragment of IgG receptor, transporter, alpha)编码了新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)的α链,FcRn是一种异源二聚体,由Fcgrt基因编码的α链和β2微球蛋白(B2M)基因编码的β链组成。FcRn在IgG的代谢中起着重要作用,它通过将IgG从溶酶体降解途径中转移回细胞表面,从而延长了IgG的半衰期,保护IgG免受降解[1]。FcRn在维持IgG的体内平衡和免疫功能方面发挥着关键作用。
Fcgrt基因的多态性对IgG的代谢和功能有着重要的影响。研究发现,Fcgrt基因中的可变数目串联重复(VNTR)多态性与IgG的水平密切相关。例如,在重症肌无力患者中,Fcgrt基因中的VNTR2/VNTR3基因型与对静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)治疗的反应性降低相关[4]。此外,Fcgrt基因的多态性还与新生牛犊血清中IgG的水平有关,这可能影响其免疫状态和对疾病的易感性[2][3]。
除了IgG的代谢,FcRn还参与了其他重要的生物学过程。例如,FcRn是肠道病毒B(EV-B)的细胞去壳受体,通过其Fcgrt亚基与病毒颗粒结合,促进病毒的去壳和进入细胞内[5]。此外,FcRn的表达还受到microRNA-3181的调控,microRNA-3181通过结合Fcgrt基因的3'-非翻译区(3'-UTR)来抑制Fcgrt的表达[6]。
综上所述,Fcgrt基因编码的FcRn在IgG的代谢和免疫功能中发挥着重要作用。Fcgrt基因的多态性对IgG的水平和功能有着重要的影响,并可能影响对免疫疗法的反应性。此外,FcRt还参与了其他重要的生物学过程,如病毒感染和基因表达的调控。深入研究Fcgrt基因的功能和调控机制,有助于我们更好地理解IgG的代谢和免疫功能,并为相关疾病的治疗提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Dalakas, Marinos C, Spaeth, Peter J. 2021. The importance of FcRn in neuro-immunotherapies: From IgG catabolism, FCGRT gene polymorphisms, IVIg dosing and efficiency to specific FcRn inhibitors. In Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 14, 1756286421997381. doi:10.1177/1756286421997381. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33717213/
2. Agrawal, Swati, Kumar, Subodh, Chaudhary, Rajni, Kumar, Amit, Sivamani, B. 2023. Allele mining in gene encoding fc fragment of IgG receptor, transporter, alpha (FCGRT) and association of nucleotide variants with passive transfer of immunity in neonatal buffalo calves. In Molecular biology reports, 50, 3429-3438. doi:10.1007/s11033-023-08267-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36757548/
3. Agrawal, Swati, Kumar, Subodh, Chaudhary, Rajni, Kumar, Amit, Sivamani, B. 2022. Detection of nucleotide variants in FCGRT (Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha) gene and their influence on colostral IgG concentration in Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In Molecular biology reports, 49, 3773-3781. doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07217-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35152368/
4. Su, Shengyao, Liu, Qing, Zhang, Xueping, Wang, Suobin, Da, Yuwei. 2021. VNTR2/VNTR3 genotype in the FCGRT gene is associated with reduced effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with myasthenia gravis. In Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 14, 1756286420986747. doi:10.1177/1756286420986747. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33552238/
5. Zhao, Xin, Zhang, Guigen, Liu, Sheng, Wei, Wensheng, Gao, George F. 2019. Human Neonatal Fc Receptor Is the Cellular Uncoating Receptor for Enterovirus B. In Cell, 177, 1553-1565.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.035. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104841/
6. Ferguson, Daniel C, Blanco, Javier G. 2018. Regulation of the Human Fc-Neonatal Receptor alpha-Chain Gene FCGRT by MicroRNA-3181. In Pharmaceutical research, 35, 15. doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2294-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29302759/