DAGLA,也称为二酰甘油酯酶α,是一种重要的水解酶,参与生成2-AG和游离脂肪酸。DAGLA在多种生物学过程中发挥作用,包括脂质代谢、癌症发生发展、神经退行性疾病、精神疾病等。
DAGLA在脂质代谢中发挥重要作用。在哺乳动物中,DAGLA通过水解二酰甘油生成2-AG和游离脂肪酸,参与调节细胞内脂质水平。在鸡肝细胞中,DAGLA是miR-223的靶基因,miR-223通过下调DAGLA的表达影响脂质代谢,可能与脂肪肝的发生发展相关[1]。此外,DAGLA的表达水平与肝癌的发生发展相关,DAGLA/2-AG轴可能通过调节细胞增殖、侵袭和转移促进肝癌的发生发展[2]。
DAGLA在神经退行性疾病中发挥重要作用。DAGLA的基因突变可能导致神经-眼DAGLA相关综合征,患者表现为发育迟缓、共济失调和复杂的眼球运动异常[3]。此外,DAGLA的敲除小鼠表现出与CB1受体敲除小鼠相似的代谢和行为表型,包括低体脂、低摄食量、低胰岛素水平、低血糖等[6]。
DAGLA在精神疾病中发挥重要作用。DAGLA的表达水平与酒精依赖相关,DAGLA的基因多态性可能影响酒精依赖的发生发展[4]。此外,DAGLA的基因变异与抑郁症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症等多种精神疾病的发生发展相关[5]。
DAGLA在免疫系统中发挥重要作用。在慢性酒精处理和SIV感染的猕猴中,DAGLA的表达水平与酒精暴露和ART治疗相关,提示DAGLA可能参与调节免疫系统的功能[7]。
综上所述,DAGLA是一种重要的水解酶,参与多种生物学过程,包括脂质代谢、癌症发生发展、神经退行性疾病、精神疾病和免疫系统功能。DAGLA的研究有助于深入理解其生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Wang, Xingguo, Li, Yongfeng, Qu, Liang, Ma, Meng, Wang, Kehua. 2020. Lipolytic gene DAGLA is targeted by miR-223 in chicken hepatocytes. In Gene, 767, 145184. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.145184. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32998047/
2. Yan, Yu-Chuan, Meng, Guang-Xiao, Yang, Chun-Cheng, Dong, Zhao-Ru, Li, Tao. 2023. Diacylglycerol lipase alpha promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and induces lenvatinib resistance by enhancing YAP activity. In Cell death & disease, 14, 404. doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05919-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414748/
3. Bainbridge, Matthew N, Mazumder, Aloran, Ogasawara, Daisuke, Torkamani, Ali, Friedman, Jennifer. . Endocannabinoid dysfunction in neurological disease: neuro-ocular DAGLA-related syndrome. In Brain : a journal of neurology, 145, 3383-3390. doi:10.1093/brain/awac223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35737950/
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5. Kim, Helena K, Gonçalves, Vanessa F, Husain, Muhammad I, Zai, Gwyneth, Kloiber, Stefan. 2023. Cross-disorder GWAS meta-analysis of endocannabinoid DNA variations in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. In Psychiatry research, 330, 115563. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115563. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37924773/
6. Powell, David R, Gay, Jason P, Wilganowski, Nathaniel, Desai, Urvi, Zambrowicz, Brian. 2015. Diacylglycerol Lipase α Knockout Mice Demonstrate Metabolic and Behavioral Phenotypes Similar to Those of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Knockout Mice. In Frontiers in endocrinology, 6, 86. doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00086. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26082754/
7. Dubic, Michael G, Edwards, Scott, McDaniel, Lee S, Simon, Liz, Molina, Patricia E. 2023. Differential Regulation of Tachykinin and Opioid System Gene Expression in Brain and Immune Cells of Chronic Binge Alcohol-Treated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques. In AIDS research and human retroviruses, 39, 232-240. doi:10.1089/AID.2022.0122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36762939/