Ackr4,也称为CCRL1,是一种重要的非典型趋化因子受体。它与其他趋化因子受体不同,具有清除或转运趋化因子的功能,从而调节细胞迁移和免疫反应。Ackr4主要在免疫细胞和内皮细胞中表达,并通过与趋化因子的相互作用来影响细胞的行为和功能。
Ackr4在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括肺动脉高压、脾脏免疫功能和淋巴系统疾病。例如,Ackr4在肺动脉高压患者的肺组织中表达下调,并与免疫细胞浸润和功能注释相关,表明Ackr4可能作为一种保护性免疫检查点[1]。此外,Ackr4在脾脏的特定血管区域表达,形成了一个特殊的血管网络,支持T细胞的归巢和迁移,并维持边缘区的组织结构[2]。
Ackr4的表达与多种细胞类型和功能相关。例如,Ackr4在淋巴内皮细胞中表达,并参与调节淋巴细胞的归巢和迁移[3]。Ackr4还在肠道的特定间质细胞中表达,并调节血管内皮细胞的活性[8]。此外,Ackr4的表达与B细胞活化和淋巴瘤的预后相关[4,5]。Ackr4的表达还与乳腺癌的转移相关,并与趋化因子受体CCR7的表达呈负相关[7]。
Ackr4的表达和功能受到多种因素的影响。例如,Ackr4的表达受到p53蛋白的调节,而p53蛋白的亚型又受到性激素的影响[6]。Ackr4的表达还受到细胞类型和环境因素的影响,例如在脾脏中,Ackr4主要在血管内皮细胞中表达,而在肠道中,Ackr4主要在特定类型的间质细胞中表达[2,8]。
Ackr4的研究有助于深入理解趋化因子受体在免疫和疾病发生中的作用机制,并为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Jiang, Chen-Yu, Wu, Li-Wei, Liu, Yi-Wei, Zhang, Hao, Yan, Yi. 2023. Identification of ACKR4 as an immune checkpoint in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In Frontiers in immunology, 14, 1153573. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449198/
2. Werth, Kathrin, Hub, Elin, Gutjahr, Julia Christine, Rot, Antal, Förster, Reinhold. . Expression of ACKR4 demarcates the "peri-marginal sinus," a specialized vascular compartment of the splenic red pulp. In Cell reports, 36, 109346. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109346. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260918/
3. Fujimoto, Noriki, He, Yuliang, D'Addio, Marco, Detmar, Michael, Dieterich, Lothar C. 2020. Single-cell mapping reveals new markers and functions of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes. In PLoS biology, 18, e3000704. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000704. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32251437/
4. Parsi, Bahareh, Esmaeili, Abolghasem, Hashemi, Mohammad, Behjati, Mohaddeseh. 2016. Transient expression of recombinant ACKR4 (CCRL1) gene, an atypical chemokine receptor in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. In Molecular biology reports, 43, 583-9. doi:10.1007/s11033-016-3995-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27168154/
5. Eckert, Nadine, Werth, Kathrin, Willenzon, Stefanie, Tan, Likai, Förster, Reinhold. 2019. B cell hyperactivation in an Ackr4-deficient mouse strain is not caused by lack of ACKR4 expression. In Journal of leukocyte biology, 107, 1155-1166. doi:10.1002/JLB.2MA1119-300R. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31841228/
6. Fajac, Anne, Simeonova, Iva, Leemput, Julia, Bardot, Boris, Toledo, Franck. 2024. Mutant mice lacking alternatively spliced p53 isoforms unveil Ackr4 as a male-specific prognostic factor in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas. In eLife, 13, . doi:10.7554/eLife.92774. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39298333/
7. Mohammed, Mostafa M, Shaker, Olfat, Ramzy, Maggie M, Kamel, Heba S, Abed El Baky, Mohamed F. 2021. The relation between ACKR4 and CCR7 genes expression and breast cancer metastasis. In Life sciences, 279, 119691. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102193/
8. Thomson, Carolyn A, van de Pavert, Serge A, Stakenborg, Michelle, Mowat, Allan McI, Nibbs, Robert J B. 2018. Expression of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR4 Identifies a Novel Population of Intestinal Submucosal Fibroblasts That Preferentially Expresses Endothelial Cell Regulators. In Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 201, 215-229. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700967. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760193/