MRTO4,即MRT4同源物,是一种在多种细胞过程中发挥重要作用的蛋白。它在核糖体成熟过程中扮演着关键角色,核糖体是细胞中负责蛋白质合成的复杂分子机器。MRTO4的表达和功能在正常细胞和癌细胞中存在显著差异,这表明它在细胞生物学和疾病发生中可能具有重要作用。
MRTO4在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的作用是近年来研究的热点。研究表明,MRTO4在HCC组织中表达上调,并且与HCC患者的预后不良相关。MRTO4的表达水平可以作为HCC患者预后的独立风险因素,与肿瘤的分期和分级呈正相关[1]。此外,MRTO4还与肿瘤微环境(TME)相关,低MRTO4表达组中的免疫表型评分(IPS)显著高于高MRTO4表达组,提示MRTO4可能影响HCC患者的免疫状态[2]。
除了在HCC中的作用,MRTO4在其他类型的癌症中也表现出重要作用。例如,在口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌(BMSCC)中,MRTO4的表达上调与疾病的无病生存期和总生存期显著相关[3]。在浸润性胃癌(IGC)中,MRTO4是显著上调的蛋白质之一,其表达水平与DNA复制、核糖体生物合成和DNA复制起始等生物学过程相关[4]。此外,MRTO4在结直肠癌中也表现出显著的上调,并与细胞周期调节、DNA复制和不匹配修复等生物学过程相关[5]。在COVID-19感染中,MRTO4是肺腺癌(LUAD)患者易感性的关键基因之一,与RNA剪接、线粒体功能和蛋白酶体相关[10]。
MRTO4在生殖细胞发生中也发挥着重要作用。例如,旋毛虫感染会导致ICR/CD-1雄性小鼠的尿液信息素含量和精子质量下降,同时MRTO4的表达水平也下调[6]。此外,犬新孢子虫感染也会导致BALB/c雄性小鼠的生殖损伤,表现为睾丸和附睾系数下降,精子数量减少,精子活力下降,MRTO4的表达水平下调[7]。此外,雷公藤甲素(GTW)可以抑制小鼠的生殖功能,导致睾丸组织中的精子发生细胞减少,MRTO4的表达水平下调[8]。
MRTO4在免疫系统中也发挥着重要作用。例如,在人类抗原呈递细胞(APCs)对脊髓灰质炎疫苗的反应中,MRTO4是调节脊髓灰质炎疫苗在单核细胞中作用的六个关键蛋白之一[9]。
综上所述,MRTO4是一种在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用的蛋白,包括核糖体成熟、细胞代谢、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、生殖细胞发生和免疫系统等。MRTO4在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括HCC、BMSCC、IGC、结直肠癌、COVID-19感染等。MRTO4的研究有助于深入理解细胞生物学和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Zheng, Yongyuan, Huang, Yansong, Li, Weibing, Cheng, Hongqiu. 2024. MRTO4 Enhances Glycolysis to Facilitate HCC Progression by Inhibiting ALDOB. In Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 30, e944685. doi:10.12659/MSM.944685. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38778508/
2. Liang, Baobao, Li, Lan, He, Chenyang, Wang, Meng, Mao, Guochao. 2024. MRTO4 acts as an independent prognostic and immunological biomarker and is correlated with tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. In Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 57, e13780. doi:10.1590/1414-431X2024e13780. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39504066/
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