Rsph4a,即RSPH4A基因,编码的是一种重要的细胞器——鞭毛和纤毛中的放射状突起头蛋白4同源物A。鞭毛和纤毛是动植物细胞中用于运动和感觉的细胞器,它们的正常功能对于维持人体的多种生理过程至关重要。RSPH4A基因的突变与原发性纤毛运动障碍(PCD)有关,这是一种罕见的遗传性纤毛疾病,患者通常会出现反复的耳鼻喉和肺部感染,以及不育等问题[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]。
RSPH4A基因编码的蛋白质在鞭毛和纤毛的放射状突起头中发挥作用。放射状突起是鞭毛和纤毛中央微管对周围微管对运动的关键调节因子。RSPH4A的突变会影响这种调节功能,导致纤毛运动异常,从而引发PCD。在PCD患者中,RSPH4A基因的突变会导致纤毛的运动模式异常,影响其清除粘液和细菌等颗粒的能力,从而导致反复的感染[1]。
在中国儿童PCD患者中,最常见的突变基因是DNAH11,其次是DNAH5、CCDC39、DNAH1和CCNO。此外,RSPH4A、CCDC40、LRRC6、SPAG1、ARMC4、CCDC114和DNAH14等基因也出现了突变。值得注意的是,在PCD患者中,DNAH1基因的突变与后感染性细支气管炎闭塞症(PIBO)的发生有关[2]。
在土耳其白种人PCD患者中,与疾病相关的变异出现在CCDC39、CCDC40、CCDC151、DNAAF2、DNAAF4、DNAH11、HYDIN和RSPH4A等8个不同的基因中。其中,CCDC151、DNAH11和DNAAF2基因的突变频率较高。此外,还发现了p.R482fs*12、p.E216*、p.I317*、p.L318P、p.R1865*、p.N1505D和p.L1167P等新型变异[4]。
在波多黎各,PCD的遗传变异主要与RSPH4A基因的突变有关,尤其是RSPH4A (c.921+3_6delAAGT)基因的突变。这种突变在没有后侧性缺陷的情况下导致PCD。此外,ZMYND10基因的突变也与PCD有关[5]。
RSPH4A基因的突变会影响纤毛的运动模式,导致反复的耳鼻喉和肺部感染,以及不育等问题。RSPH4A基因的突变会导致纤毛的运动模式异常,影响其清除粘液和细菌等颗粒的能力,从而导致反复的感染。在PCD患者中,RSPH4A基因的突变会导致纤毛的运动模式异常,影响其清除粘液和细菌等颗粒的能力,从而导致反复的感染[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]。
参考文献:
1. De Jesús-Rojas, Wilfredo, Meléndez-Montañez, Jesús, Muñiz-Hernández, José, Ramos-Benitez, Marcos J, Mosquera, Ricardo A. 2023. The RSPH4A Gene in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. In International journal of molecular sciences, 24, . doi:10.3390/ijms24031936. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768259/
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