Hs3st2,也称为硫酸乙酰肝素3-O-硫酸转移酶2,是一种参与硫酸乙酰肝素(Heparan sulfate, HS)生物合成的酶。HS是一种复杂的糖胺聚糖,在细胞表面和细胞外基质中发挥重要作用。Hs3st2通过催化硫酸基团转移到HS的3-O位,影响HS的结构和功能,进而参与调节细胞生长、分化、迁移、黏附和信号传导等多种生物学过程。
在乳腺癌患者中,Hs3st2的表达水平与预后密切相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的高表达与乳腺癌患者的较差预后相关,而Hs3st1的高表达与乳腺癌患者的较差预后相关。这提示Hs3st2和Hs3st1在乳腺癌的发生、发展和转移过程中发挥重要作用,可能成为乳腺癌诊断、治疗和预后的重要生物标志物[1]。
在结直肠癌患者中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与淋巴结转移相关。研究表明,Hs3st2和其相关分子,包括hsa-miR-100和hsa-miR-99a,可以作为预测结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移的潜在生物标志物[2]。
在子宫内膜异位症中,Hs3st2的表达水平也受到影响。研究表明,miR-100可以通过抑制Hs3st2的表达,促进子宫内膜异位症的发生和发展[3]。
在骨肉瘤中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的高表达与骨肉瘤患者的较差预后相关,而CCAR1和C1QTNF1的高表达与骨肉瘤患者的较好预后相关[4]。
在肺癌中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的启动子区域发生高甲基化,导致其表达下调,与肺癌患者的较差预后相关[5]。
在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与免疫细胞的浸润相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的表达水平与COPD患者的18种免疫细胞浸润水平相关,可能参与COPD的发生和发展[6]。
在子宫内膜癌和子宫内膜增生中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的启动子区域发生高甲基化,导致其表达下调,与子宫内膜癌和子宫内膜增生的发生和发展相关[7]。
在卵巢癌中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的启动子区域发生高甲基化,导致其表达下调,与卵巢癌患者的较差预后相关[8]。
在胃癌中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的启动子区域发生高甲基化,导致其表达下调,与胃癌患者的较差预后相关[9]。
在宫颈癌中,Hs3st2的表达水平也与预后相关。研究表明,Hs3st2的启动子区域发生高甲基化,导致其表达下调,与宫颈癌患者的较差预后相关[10]。
综上所述,Hs3st2在多种肿瘤和疾病中发挥重要作用,可能成为这些疾病诊断、治疗和预后的重要生物标志物。然而,Hs3st2的具体功能和作用机制仍需进一步研究。
参考文献:
1. Kuehn, Julia, Espinoza-Sanchez, Nancy Adriana, Teixeira, Felipe C O B, Greve, Burkhard, Götte, Martin. 2021. Prognostic significance of hedgehog signaling network-related gene expression in breast cancer patients. In Journal of cellular biochemistry, 122, 577-597. doi:10.1002/jcb.29886. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33417295/
2. Gao, Guangyu, Shi, Xinya, Shen, Jiaofeng. 2021. HS3ST2 and Its Related Molecules as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. In OncoTargets and therapy, 14, 3881-3894. doi:10.2147/OTT.S311038. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34234457/
3. Zhang, Feng, Li, Feiyan, Lu, Jinghe. 2022. microRNA-100 shuttled by human umbilical cord MSC-secreted extracellular vesicles induces endometriosis by inhibiting HS3ST2. In Cellular signalling, 102, 110532. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36423858/
4. Zhu, Naiqiang, Hou, Jingyi, Ma, Guiyun, Zhao, Chengliang, Chen, Bin. 2020. Co-expression network analysis identifies a gene signature as a predictive biomarker for energy metabolism in osteosarcoma. In Cancer cell international, 20, 259. doi:10.1186/s12935-020-01352-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32581649/
5. Hwang, Jung-Ah, Kim, Yujin, Hong, Seung-Hyun, Lee, Yeon-Su, Kim, Duk-Hwan. 2013. Epigenetic inactivation of heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 in lung cancer and its role in tumorigenesis. In PloS one, 8, e79634. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24265783/
6. Yu, Hui, Guo, Weikang, Liu, Yunduo, Wang, Yaoxian. 2021. Immune Characteristics Analysis and Transcriptional Regulation Prediction Based on Gene Signatures of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. In International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 16, 3027-3039. doi:10.2147/COPD.S325328. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34764646/
7. Danková, Zuzana, Braný, Dušan, Dvorská, Dana, Bielik, Tibor, Žúbor, Pavol. 2018. Methylation status of KLF4 and HS3ST2 genes as predictors of endometrial cancer and hyperplastic endometrial lesions. In International journal of molecular medicine, 42, 3318-3328. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3872. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30221668/
8. Huang, Rui-Lan, Chen, Hsiang-Ju, Chen, Lin-Yu, Wang, Hui-Chen, Lai, Hung-Cheng. 2018. Epigenetic loss of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfation sensitizes ovarian carcinoma to oncogenic signals and predicts prognosis. In International journal of cancer, 143, 1943-1953. doi:10.1002/ijc.31580. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29732534/
9. Eyvazi, Shirin, Khamaneh, Amir Mahdi, Tarhriz, Vahideh, Sadat, Amir Taher Eftekhar, Sepehri, Bita. . CpG Islands Methylation Analysis of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 Genes in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients. In Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 51, 579-583. doi:10.1007/s12029-019-00290-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31407253/
10. Zuo, Qiangqiang, Zheng, Weinan, Zhang, Jinli, Li, Feng, Shao, Renfu. 2014. Methylation in the promoters of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes is associated with cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. In The International journal of biological markers, 29, e354-62. doi:10.5301/jbm.5000107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25198553/