Hmox1基因,也称为Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1),是一种编码血红素加氧酶1的基因。血红素加氧酶1是一种重要的应激诱导酶,具有多种心血管保护功能,尤其在缺氧应激方面。Hmox1基因的表达受到多种转录因子的调控,包括WT1、Sp1和C/EBPα。Hmox1基因在多种组织中表达,包括脾脏、肝脏、肺和肾脏。Hmox1基因的启动子区域包含一个多态性的(GT)n重复,该重复的长度可以影响Hmox1基因的表达。
Hmox1基因在多种疾病中发挥重要作用。在动脉粥样硬化中,Hmox1基因的表达与动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成有关[1]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的高表达与MMPs的产生和M0巨噬细胞的浸润相关。此外,Hmox1基因在动脉粥样硬化斑块中的高表达也与细胞焦亡有关[1]。在脊髓损伤中,Hmox1基因被确定为与M1型小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化相关的关键基因[2]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的表达与脊髓损伤后M1型小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的增加相关。此外,Hmox1基因的表达也与脊髓损伤后细胞焦亡的发生有关[2]。在藏族猪中,Hmox1基因的表达受到WT1、Sp1和C/EBPα等转录因子的调控[3]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的表达在藏族猪的脾脏中最高,其次是肝脏、肺和肾脏。此外,Hmox1基因的表达与冠状动脉疾病的发生没有关联[4]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的启动子多态性与韩国人群中冠状动脉疾病的发生没有关联。然而,Hmox1基因的短等位基因携带者中,高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平较低,这可能与心血管疾病的风险较低相关[4]。Hmox1基因的表达还可以被Brg1介导的Nrf2/HO-1通路激活所增强,从而减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤[5]。在绝经后骨质疏松症中,Hmox1基因被确定为与细胞焦亡相关的潜在诊断和治疗标志物[6]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的表达与绝经后骨质疏松症患者中的细胞焦亡相关。此外,Hmox1基因的表达也与缺血性脑卒中有关[7]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的表达与缺血性脑卒中的诊断和预后相关。Hmox1基因的表达与新生儿高胆红素血症的发生相关[8]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的启动子区域中的短等位基因与新生儿高胆红素血症的发生风险增加相关。在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变中,Hmox1基因的表达与M2型巨噬细胞的浸润和细胞焦亡相关[9]。研究发现,Hmox1基因的表达在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者中的纤维血管膜样本中显著升高。此外,Hmox1基因的表达在M2型巨噬细胞中定位。Hmox1基因在罗非鱼中已被分离和鉴定[10]。研究发现,Hmox1基因在罗非鱼中的全长编码区域为3715bp,包含6个外显子。
综上所述,Hmox1基因在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括动脉粥样硬化、脊髓损伤、藏族猪的转录调控、冠状动脉疾病、肝缺血再灌注损伤、绝经后骨质疏松症、缺血性脑卒中和新生儿高胆红素血症。Hmox1基因的表达受到多种转录因子的调控,包括WT1、Sp1和C/EBPα。Hmox1基因的表达与细胞焦亡和免疫细胞浸润有关。Hmox1基因的研究有助于深入理解Hmox1基因在疾病发生和发展中的作用机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
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2. Xuan, Yong, Peng, Kai, Zhu, Rui, Kang, Yu, Yin, Zongsheng. 2023. Hmox1 is Identified as a Ferroptosis Hub Gene and Associated with the M1 Type Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Spinal Cord Injury: Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation. In Molecular neurobiology, 60, 7151-7165. doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03543-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37532969/
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