COL8A1,即胶原蛋白VIIIα1链,是胶原蛋白VIII的重要组成成分,属于细胞外基质(ECM)的一部分。胶原蛋白VIII是一种非纤维状胶原蛋白,主要存在于基膜中,对维持组织的结构和功能具有重要作用。COL8A1的突变或异常表达与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。
Knobloch综合征(KNO)是一种罕见的ciliopathy,表现为胶原蛋白合成障碍,其中COL8A1基因突变是其发病机制之一。患者常伴有视网膜脱落、高度近视和枕骨缺损等症状[1]。研究报道,COL8A1基因突变导致的Knobloch综合征患者,通过早期手术治疗视网膜脱落,可取得良好的解剖学效果。
在肿瘤领域,COL8A1的表达与多种恶性肿瘤的侵袭、转移和预后密切相关。例如,在乳腺癌中,COL8A1在间充质干细胞样(MSL)亚型中高表达,促进肿瘤生长和转移。研究发现,COL8A1通过诱导IL1B和MMP1的表达,增强MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和转移能力[2]。此外,COL8A1在胶质瘤、结直肠癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌和胃癌等多种肿瘤中高表达,与不良预后和肿瘤微环境密切相关[3,4,5,6,7]。这些研究表明,COL8A1可能作为肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点,为肿瘤治疗提供新的策略。
除了在肿瘤领域,COL8A1还与眼部疾病密切相关。研究发现,LRRC46基因突变导致的高近视患者,其COL8A1表达水平显著下调。LRRC46基因突变影响胶原蛋白VIII的形成,导致眼组织生物力学结构改变,进而促进近视的发生和发展[8]。
综上所述,COL8A1作为胶原蛋白VIIIα1链的重要组成部分,在维持组织结构和功能、肿瘤发生发展和眼部疾病中发挥重要作用。未来研究需要进一步探索COL8A1的生物学功能和调控机制,为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Ogreden, Tulin Aras, Erdoğan, Gürkan. 2024. Two patients with Knobloch syndrome due to mutation in COL8A1 gene: case report and review of the literature. In BMC ophthalmology, 24, 149. doi:10.1186/s12886-024-03418-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38575892/
2. Sagara, Atsunobu, Miura, Shotaro, Kobinata, Akinori, Yumoto, Tetsuro, Sato, Fumiaki. 2022. COL8A1 enhances the invasion/metastasis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the induction of IL1B and MMP1 expression. In Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 642, 145-153. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.046. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36577251/
3. Liu, Mingkai, Liang, Weiye, Su, Yuling, Shan, Jiajie, Wang, Jian. 2024. COL8A1 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with migration, proliferation, and tumor microenvironment in glioma. In Experimental cell research, 439, 114076. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114076. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719174/
4. Zhou, Xing, Han, Jiashu, Zuo, Anning, Deng, Jinhai, Liu, Zaoqu. 2024. THBS2 + cancer-associated fibroblasts promote EMT leading to oxaliplatin resistance via COL8A1-mediated PI3K/AKT activation in colorectal cancer. In Molecular cancer, 23, 282. doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02180-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39732719/
5. Hu, Jing, Li, Pengbo, Dan, Yanggang, Chen, Xue, Yan, Senxiang. 2024. COL8A1 Regulates Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Proliferation and Invasion Through PI3K/AKT Pathway. In Annals of surgical oncology, 31, 3502-3512. doi:10.1245/s10434-023-14370-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38429534/
6. Liang, Weiwei, Chen, Junxin, Li, Hai, Guan, Hongyu, Li, Yanbing. 2024. High expression of COL8A1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes EMT in papillary thyroid cancer. In Endocrine connections, 13, . doi:10.1530/EC-24-0279. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39377348/
7. She, Yali, Zhao, Xiaowen, Wu, Pingfan, Cai, Hui, Li, Yaling. 2022. COL8A1 Predicts the Clinical Prognosis of Gastric Cancer and Is Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. In BioMed research international, 2022, 7567447. doi:10.1155/2022/7567447. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774273/
8. Jiang, Lingxi, Dai, Chao, Wei, Yao, Huang, Lulin, Shi, Yi. 2024. Identification of LRRC46 as a novel candidate gene for high myopia. In Science China. Life sciences, 67, 1941-1956. doi:10.1007/s11427-024-2583-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38874710/