ABCD2基因,也称为ALDR(adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein),编码一种位于过氧化物酶体的ABC转运蛋白。ABCD2与X连锁肾上腺脑白质营养不良(X-ALD)相关,X-ALD是一种由于ABCD1基因突变导致的严重的神经退行性疾病,其特征是极长链脂肪酸(VLCFA)的β-氧化受损,导致VLCFA在体内积累,引起神经系统损伤。由于ABCD2与ABCD1在功能上存在部分冗余,当ABCD2过度表达时,可以补偿ABCD1的缺乏,恢复VLCFA的β-氧化,从而为X-ALD的潜在治疗提供了可能性[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]。
ABCD2基因的表达受到多种因素的调控。甲状腺激素(T3)可以通过其受体TRβ诱导ABCD2的表达,从而补偿ABCD1的缺乏。此外,甲状腺激素类似物(thyromimetics)也能以剂量依赖的方式诱导ABCD2基因的表达,且在X-ALD成纤维细胞中,thyromimetics的诱导作用可以维持较长时间[2][3]。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)激动剂——纤维酸类药物(fibrates)也能强烈诱导ABCD2基因的表达,但其机制可能不同于经典的PPARα依赖性调控[4]。22S-羟基胆固醇,一种LXR(肝脏X受体)拮抗剂,也被发现可以诱导ABCD2的表达,这可能为X-ALD的治疗提供新的策略[5]。胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)1c可以诱导ABCD2的表达,而LXRα可以抑制SREBP1c介导的ABCD2表达,这揭示了SREBP和LXRα/视黄酸X受体在基因调控中的新型交叉对话[6]。ABCD2的启动子区域包含保守的Sp1和AP-2结合位点,以及潜在的视黄酸反应元件和蛋白激酶A反应元件,这些元件可能参与ABCD2基因的转录调控[7]。综上所述,ABCD2基因的表达受到多种因素的复杂调控,这为X-ALD的治疗提供了多种潜在的治疗靶点。
参考文献:
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