Muc6是一种分泌型粘蛋白基因,编码一种名为MUC6的糖蛋白。MUC6主要在胃粘膜中表达,但也存在于其他上皮组织中,如十二指肠的Brunner腺、胆囊、精囊、胰腺的腺泡细胞和导管、以及胆总管的周围腺。MUC6在胎儿发育早期就有表达,并在多种腺癌中保留表达,如在胰腺癌和胆管癌中高度表达,但在宫颈腺癌中仅局部表达[4]。MUC6在细胞保护中起着重要作用,保护上皮组织免受各种物质的侵害。
Muc6基因的变异与多种疾病相关。在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OPSCC)患者中,Muc6基因片段的测序分析发现了一种新的突变,该突变在肿瘤和边缘样本中都普遍存在,并被归类为高影响、停止增益突变[1]。此外,Muc6基因的一个独特的可变数量串联重复(VNTR)区域与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理严重程度,特别是tau蛋白病相关[2,5]。Muc6基因变异还可能影响病毒免疫和肠道微生物群,表明Muc6在多种生物学过程中发挥作用。
在胃腺癌(GA)中,Muc6基因的表达与Lauren's分型相关,低分化程度预示着不良预后[3]。此外,Muc6基因的突变在Wilms肿瘤中普遍存在,Muc6作为肿瘤抑制基因,通过自噬依赖的β-连环蛋白降解途径抑制肿瘤侵袭[6]。在胃粘膜中,Muc2缺陷的小鼠会自发地发展成结肠炎,表明Muc2对结肠保护至关重要。在Muc2缺陷小鼠的远端结肠中,观察到Muc6信使RNA的瞬时新表达[7]。在胃粘膜中,Muc6+胃内因子(Gif)+细胞在健康组织中存在,但这些细胞不表达与SPEM相关的转录物。在药物损伤和慢性炎症中,SPEM和颈细胞增生/肥大在SPEM相关转录物的表达上几乎相同[8]。
综上所述,Muc6基因在多种上皮组织中表达,并在细胞保护中发挥着重要作用。Muc6基因的变异与多种疾病相关,包括OPSCC、AD和Wilms肿瘤。Muc6在GA中与Lauren's分型相关,并在SPEM中表达。Muc6的研究有助于深入理解其在多种生物学过程中的作用,并为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
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5. Katsumata, Yuriko, Fardo, David W, Bachstetter, Adam D, Estus, Steven, Nelson, Peter T. . Alzheimer Disease Pathology-Associated Polymorphism in a Complex Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Region Within the MUC6 Gene, Near the AP2A2 Gene. In Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 79, 3-21. doi:10.1093/jnen/nlz116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31748784/
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