A4GALT基因,也称为α-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶基因,编码一种重要的酶,负责在红血细胞和其他细胞表面合成P(k)抗原(Gb3)。P(k)抗原是一种糖脂分子,参与多种生物学过程,包括细胞识别、信号传导和免疫系统功能。A4GALT基因的表达水平差异导致P1/P2血型系统,P1个体表达P(k)抗原,而P2个体不表达。P(k)抗原的表达水平也与某些疾病相关,如Fabry病和某些类型的癌症。
A4GALT基因变异与某些疾病相关。例如,Fabry病是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,由GLA基因突变引起,导致α-半乳糖苷酶A(α-GalA)缺乏。α-GalA缺乏导致Gb3在细胞内积聚,导致多种器官和组织损伤。研究表明,A4GALT基因抑制可以减轻Fabry病表型,减少Gb3沉积并改善肾脏器官功能[1]。此外,A4GALT基因变异也与罕见的P血型系统相关,如P-null和p表型,这些表型缺乏P(k)抗原[2,3,5]。
研究还表明,A4GALT基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与P1/P2血型系统相关。例如,rs2143918和rs5751348两个SNPs与P1/P2表型显著相关[4]。此外,A4GALT基因的转录调控机制也与P1/P2血型系统相关。研究发现,转录因子早期生长反应1(EGR1)与SNP rs5751348结合,影响P1-A4GALT和P2-A4GALT等位基因的表达,从而影响P(k)抗原的表达水平[6]。
综上所述,A4GALT基因是一种重要的基因,编码α-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶,参与P(k)抗原的合成和P1/P2血型系统的形成。A4GALT基因变异与某些疾病相关,如Fabry病和P血型系统相关的疾病。研究A4GALT基因的表达和调控机制有助于深入理解P(k)抗原的功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Cui, Sheng, Shin, Yoo Jin, Fang, Xianying, Yang, Chul Woo, Chung, Byung Ha. 2023. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated A4GALT suppression rescues Fabry disease phenotypes in a kidney organoid model. In Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 258, 35-46. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2023.02.005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36805562/
2. Chen, Qing, Xiao, Jianyu, Duan, Zhimin, Huang, Chengyin, Li, Min. 2020. Novel A4GALT gene variation with rare p phenotype in a compound heterozygous Chinese individual. In Transfusion, 61, E5-E6. doi:10.1111/trf.16163. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33111355/
3. Shastry, Shamee, Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu, Acharya, Kiran V, Reghunathan, Dinesh, Joshi, Manjunath B. 2019. Deletion in the A4GALT Gene Associated with Rare "P null" Phenotype: The First Report from India. In Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie, 47, 186-189. doi:10.1159/000501916. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355479/
4. Lai, Yin-Ju, Wu, Wan-Yi, Yang, Chen-Ming, Lin, Marie, Yu, Lung-Chih. 2014. A systematic study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the A4GALT gene suggests a molecular genetic basis for the P1/P2 blood groups. In Transfusion, 54, 3222-31. doi:10.1111/trf.12771. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041587/
5. Hellberg, Asa, Schmidt-Melbye, Anne-Christine, Reid, Marion E, Olsson, Martin L. 2007. Expression of a novel missense mutation found in the A4GALT gene of Amish individuals with the p phenotype. In Transfusion, 48, 479-87. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18067504/
6. Yeh, Chih-Chun, Chang, Ching-Jin, Twu, Yuh-Ching, Lin, Sheng-Wei, Yu, Lung-Chih. 2018. The differential expression of the blood group P1 -A4GALT and P2 -A4GALT alleles is stimulated by the transcription factor early growth response 1. In Transfusion, 58, 1054-1064. doi:10.1111/trf.14515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29399809/