Ythdc1(YTH domain containing 1)基因编码的蛋白质是一种核内N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)结合蛋白,属于YTH结构域家族的成员。m6A是RNA上最常见的内部修饰之一,广泛存在于真核生物的RNA中,尤其是在高等真核细胞中。m6A修饰由m6A甲基转移酶(writers)如METTL3/14/16等催化生成,并由m6A结合蛋白(readers)如YTHDF1/2/3、YTHDC1/2等识别,最后由脱甲基酶(erasers)如FTO和ALKBH5等去除。m6A修饰在调控RNA的稳定性和功能,影响基因表达和生物学过程中发挥着重要作用[3]。
Ythdc1蛋白在RNA代谢中发挥着多种功能。首先,Ythdc1是一种核内m6A结合蛋白,能够与m6A修饰的RNA结合,影响RNA的稳定性、定位和翻译[1,5]。其次,Ythdc1能够与剪接因子SRSF3(SRp20)结合,促进mRNA的剪接过程,进而影响基因表达[1]。此外,Ythdc1还能够与细胞内的其他蛋白质相互作用,参与调控细胞的生物学过程[7]。
在多种疾病中,Ythdc1蛋白发挥着重要作用。例如,在糖尿病皮肤中,Ythdc1通过靶向SQSTM1/p62(sequestosome 1)调节自噬过程,影响伤口愈合[2]。在神经母细胞瘤中,Ythdc1基因多态性与神经母细胞瘤的易感性相关,并且Ythdc1 siRNA能够抑制神经母细胞瘤细胞的增殖和迁移[4]。在Wilms瘤中,Ythdc1基因多态性与Wilms瘤的易感性相关,Ythdc1的表达水平与Wilms瘤的发生和发展相关[8]。此外,Ythdc1还能够与病毒RNA相互作用,影响病毒的复制和传播[6]。
综上所述,Ythdc1蛋白是一种重要的核内m6A结合蛋白,参与调控RNA的稳定性和功能,影响基因表达和生物学过程。Ythdc1在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括糖尿病皮肤、神经母细胞瘤、Wilms瘤等。Ythdc1的研究有助于深入理解m6A修饰的生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Xiao, Wen, Adhikari, Samir, Dahal, Ujwal, Zhao, Yong-Liang, Yang, Yun-Gui. 2016. Nuclear m(6)A Reader YTHDC1 Regulates mRNA Splicing. In Molecular cell, 61, 507-519. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26876937/
2. Liang, Diefei, Lin, Wei-Jye, Ren, Meng, Yan, Li, Wang, Wei. 2021. m6A reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin. In Autophagy, 18, 1318-1337. doi:10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34657574/
3. Jiang, Xiulin, Liu, Baiyang, Nie, Zhi, Yang, Cuiping, Chen, Yongbin. 2021. The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases. In Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 6, 74. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00450-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33611339/
4. Li, Yong, Lu, Tongyi, Wang, Jian, He, Jing, Li, Aiwu. 2021. YTHDC1 gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children. In Aging, 13, 25426-25439. doi:10.18632/aging.203760. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34897032/
5. Roundtree, Ian A, Luo, Guan-Zheng, Zhang, Zijie, Shen, Bin, He, Chuan. 2017. YTHDC1 mediates nuclear export of N6-methyladenosine methylated mRNAs. In eLife, 6, . doi:10.7554/eLife.31311. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28984244/
6. Liu, Jiadong, Gao, Mingwei, He, Jiangping, Bao, Xichen, Chen, Jiekai. 2021. The RNA m6A reader YTHDC1 silences retrotransposons and guards ES cell identity. In Nature, 591, 322-326. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03313-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33658714/
7. Zhang, Canfeng, Chen, Liping, Xie, Chen, Zhao, Yong, Liu, Haiying. 2023. YTHDC1 delays cellular senescence and pulmonary fibrosis by activating ATR in an m6A-independent manner. In The EMBO journal, 43, 61-86. doi:10.1038/s44318-023-00003-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38177310/
8. Lin, Ao, Hua, Rui-Xi, Zhou, Mingming, Liu, Guochang, He, Jing. 2021. YTHDC1 gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: A five-center case-control study. In Gene, 783, 145571. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.145571. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33737126/