Mettl14,也称为Methyltransferase-like 14,是一种重要的RNA N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)甲基转移酶。m6A是一种普遍存在于真核细胞RNA上的表观遗传修饰,参与调控RNA的稳定性和功能,影响基因表达和生物学过程。Mettl14与另一个蛋白质Mettl3形成复合物,共同催化m6A的生成。m6A修饰在许多生物学过程中发挥作用,包括细胞分化、发育、代谢和疾病发生。
Mettl14在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病心肌病、结直肠癌和Wilms瘤。在动脉粥样硬化中,Mettl14通过NF-κB/IL-6信号通路介导巨噬细胞的炎症反应,促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成[1]。在糖尿病心肌病中,Mettl14通过下调lncRNA TINCR抑制焦亡和糖尿病心肌病的发生[2]。在结直肠癌中,Mettl14通过m6A修饰抑制SOX4 mRNA的表达,从而抑制肿瘤的转移[3]。此外,Mettl14的基因多态性与中国儿童Wilms瘤的易感性降低相关[4]。
高风险神经母细胞瘤(NB)患者中,Mettl14表达显著上调,与不良预后有强相关性。Mettl14通过m6A-YTHDF1依赖机制抑制YWHAH表达,激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,促进NB细胞活性[5]。Mettl14通过促进PRC2和KDM5B在二价结构域上的结合,影响组蛋白修饰,进而调控二价结构基因的表达[6]。
Mettl14不仅在RNA修饰中发挥作用,还具有独立的染色质调控功能。Mettl14可以与H3K27me3结合,招募KDM6B诱导H3K27me3的去甲基化,从而影响基因表达和干细胞的多能性维持[7]。此外,Mettl14还可以通过下调lncRNA XIST的表达抑制结直肠癌的增殖和转移[8]。
综上所述,Mettl14是一种重要的RNA甲基转移酶,参与调控RNA的稳定性和功能,影响基因表达和生物学过程。Mettl14在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病心肌病、结直肠癌和Wilms瘤。此外,Mettl14还具有独立的染色质调控功能,影响基因表达和干细胞的多能性维持。Mettl14的研究有助于深入理解RNA表观遗传修饰的生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Chen, Xiaoxiang, Xu, Mu, Xu, Xueni, Sun, Huilin, Wang, Shukui. 2020. METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of SOX4 mRNA inhibits tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer. In Molecular cancer, 19, 106. doi:10.1186/s12943-020-01220-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32552762/
2. Meng, Liping, Lin, Hui, Huang, Xingxiao, Peng, Fang, Wu, Shengjie. 2022. METTL14 suppresses pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating TINCR lncRNA. In Cell death & disease, 13, 38. doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04484-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013106/
3. Zheng, Yang, Li, Yunqi, Ran, Xianwen, Sun, Yong, Wu, Jian. 2022. Mettl14 mediates the inflammatory response of macrophages in atherosclerosis through the NF-κB/IL-6 signaling pathway. In Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 79, 311. doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04331-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35598196/
4. Guan, Qian, Lin, Huiran, Miao, Lei, Zhuo, Zhenjian, He, Jing. 2022. Functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of METTL14 in human cancer. In Journal of hematology & oncology, 15, 13. doi:10.1186/s13045-022-01231-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35115038/
5. Lu, Weicheng, Yang, Xiaohua, Zhong, Weiqiang, Ma, Huijie, Xie, Jingdun. 2024. METTL14-mediated m6A epitranscriptomic modification contributes to chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by stabilizing GluN2A expression via IGF2BP2. In The Journal of clinical investigation, 134, . doi:10.1172/JCI174847. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38319733/
6. Lin, Zhen, Hsu, Phillip J, Xing, Xudong, He, Chuan, Tong, Ming-Han. 2017. Mettl3-/Mettl14-mediated mRNA N6-methyladenosine modulates murine spermatogenesis. In Cell research, 27, 1216-1230. doi:10.1038/cr.2017.117. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28914256/
7. Sendinc, Erdem, Shi, Yang. . RNA m6A methylation across the transcriptome. In Molecular cell, 83, 428-441. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36736310/
8. Dou, Xiaoyang, Huang, Lulu, Xiao, Yu, He, Chuan, Liu, Jun. . METTL14 is a chromatin regulator independent of its RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase activity. In Protein & cell, 14, 683-697. doi:10.1093/procel/pwad009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030005/