ATG14(也称为Barkor或ATG14L)是一种与自噬相关的基因,它在自噬过程中起着至关重要的作用。自噬是一种细胞内大分子降解/回收系统,它对细胞稳态有着基础性的作用。ATG14主要在自噬小体的形成和成熟过程中发挥作用,它通过与Beclin1等自噬相关蛋白相互作用,调节自噬小体与溶酶体的融合,从而促进自噬小体内容的降解。
ATG14在多种生物学过程中都发挥着重要作用,包括免疫、发育、肿瘤抑制、长寿以及对某些心脏和神经退行性疾病的保护等。在动脉粥样硬化中,ATG14通过促进自噬小体与溶酶体的融合,增强自噬功能,减少氧化低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡和炎症反应,从而减轻动脉粥样硬化病变[1]。在心肌细胞中,ATG14通过调节线粒体自噬,清除受损的线粒体,保护心肌细胞免受缺血损伤[2]。在肝脏中,ATG14通过与脂肪滴相关蛋白相互作用,直接增强脂肪滴的分解,维持脂肪滴稳态[3]。此外,ATG14的表达还受到FoxO转录因子和昼夜节律的调控,在肝脏脂质代谢中发挥重要作用[6]。
ATG14在肿瘤发生发展中也发挥着重要作用。在肝细胞癌中,ATG14的表达与HIF-1α诱导的m6A修饰相关,通过促进ATG2A和ATG14的翻译,驱动缺氧诱导的自噬和肿瘤恶性进展[4]。在胃癌中,长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)EIF3J-DT通过靶向ATG14,激活自噬,从而诱导化疗耐药性[5]。在胰腺癌中,lncRNA PVT1通过上调ATG14的表达,激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路和自噬途径,从而促进吉西他滨耐药性[7]。
在低等动物中,ATG14的表达也受到病毒感染的影响。例如,在克氏原螯虾中,ATG14的表达受到白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染的上调,通过抑制自噬,促进病毒复制[8]。
综上所述,ATG14是一种重要的自噬相关基因,在多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。ATG14的表达受到多种因素的调控,包括FoxO转录因子、昼夜节律和病毒感染等。ATG14的研究有助于深入理解自噬的生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Zhang, Hui, Ge, Song, Ni, Buqing, Wu, Xiaohong, Shao, Yongfeng. 2021. Augmenting ATG14 alleviates atherosclerosis and inhibits inflammation via promotion of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages. In Autophagy, 17, 4218-4230. doi:10.1080/15548627.2021.1909833. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849389/
2. Rabinovich-Nikitin, Inna, Rasouli, Mina, Reitz, Cristine J, Martino, Tami A, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A. 2021. Mitochondrial autophagy and cell survival is regulated by the circadian Clock gene in cardiac myocytes during ischemic stress. In Autophagy, 17, 3794-3812. doi:10.1080/15548627.2021.1938913. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34085589/
3. Huang, Menghao, Zhang, Yang, Park, Jimin, Yu, Liqing, Dong, X Charlie. 2023. ATG14 plays a critical role in hepatic lipid droplet homeostasis. In Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 148, 155693. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155693. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37741434/
4. Li, Qing, Ni, Yong, Zhang, Liren, Tang, Jinhai, Wang, Xuehao. 2021. HIF-1α-induced expression of m6A reader YTHDF1 drives hypoxia-induced autophagy and malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting ATG2A and ATG14 translation. In Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 6, 76. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00453-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33619246/
5. Luo, Yuhao, Zheng, Siting, Wu, Qianying, Shi, Min, Liao, Wangjun. 2021. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) EIF3J-DT induces chemoresistance of gastric cancer via autophagy activation. In Autophagy, 17, 4083-4101. doi:10.1080/15548627.2021.1901204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33764843/
6. Xiong, Xiwen, Tao, Rongya, DePinho, Ronald A, Dong, X Charlie. 2012. The autophagy-related gene 14 (Atg14) is regulated by forkhead box O transcription factors and circadian rhythms and plays a critical role in hepatic autophagy and lipid metabolism. In The Journal of biological chemistry, 287, 39107-14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.412569. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22992773/
7. Zhou, Cefan, Yi, Changhua, Yi, Yongxiang, Chen, Xing-Zhen, Tang, Jingfeng. 2020. LncRNA PVT1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathway through modulating the miR-619-5p/Pygo2 and miR-619-5p/ATG14 axes. In Molecular cancer, 19, 118. doi:10.1186/s12943-020-01237-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32727463/
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