ABCA13,也称为ATP结合盒亚家族A成员13,是一种重要的ATP结合盒(ABC)转运蛋白。ABC转运蛋白是一类负责跨膜转运物质的膜蛋白,它们利用ATP水解释放的能量来驱动物质的转运。ABCA13是ABC转运蛋白家族中最大的成员,由5058个氨基酸残基组成,并具有一个长的N末端区域[3]。ABCA13在多种组织中表达,包括气管、睾丸和骨髓,其中在SR白血病、SNB-19 CNS肿瘤和DU-145前列腺肿瘤细胞系中表达最高[3]。
ABCA13的功能与其在神经元中的胆固醇和神经节苷脂的转运有关。研究发现,ABCA13的表达能够诱导胆固醇和神经节苷脂从质膜内化到细胞内囊泡中[2]。这一过程需要ABCA13的长N末端区域和ATP的水解。此外,ABCA13还参与神经元突触囊泡的内吞作用,这对于神经传递和突触可塑性至关重要[2]。
ABCA13的功能障碍与多种精神疾病相关。研究发现,ABCA13基因突变与精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症的易感性增加有关[2,5,6]。ABCA13基因突变导致蛋白质的亚细胞定位异常和胆固醇转运受损,从而影响神经元的正常功能,可能与精神疾病的发病机制有关[2,5,6]。
此外,ABCA13基因还与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)相关。研究发现,在ASD患者中存在ABCA13基因的突变,这些突变可能是致病性的[1]。此外,ABCA13基因的变异还与其他神经精神疾病相关,如注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、焦虑症、智力障碍、语言发育迟缓和热性惊厥等[1]。
ABCA13基因的变异也与遗传性弥漫性胃癌(HDGC)相关。研究发现,在HDGC患者中,ABCA13基因的胚系变异频率较高,可能是HDGC的易感基因之一[4]。
综上所述,ABCA13是一种重要的ABC转运蛋白,参与胆固醇和神经节苷脂的转运,以及神经元突触囊泡的内吞作用。ABCA13的功能障碍与多种精神疾病相关,包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、重度抑郁症和自闭症谱系障碍等。此外,ABCA13基因的变异还与遗传性弥漫性胃癌相关。进一步研究ABCA13的功能和突变机制对于理解精神疾病和遗传性弥漫性胃癌的发病机制具有重要意义。
参考文献:
1. Gerik-Celebi, Hamide Betul, Unsel-Bolat, Gul, Bolat, Hilmi. 2023. Association of ABCA13 Gene Variants with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In Molecular syndromology, 15, 22-29. doi:10.1159/000534123. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38357255/
2. Nakato, Mitsuhiro, Shiranaga, Naoko, Tomioka, Maiko, Kioka, Noriyuki, Ueda, Kazumitsu. 2020. ABCA13 dysfunction associated with psychiatric disorders causes impaired cholesterol trafficking. In The Journal of biological chemistry, 296, 100166. doi:10.1074/jbc.RA120.015997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478937/
3. Prades, C, Arnould, I, Annilo, T, Rosier, M, Dean, M. . The human ATP binding cassette gene ABCA13, located on chromosome 7p12.3, encodes a 5058 amino acid protein with an extracellular domain encoded in part by a 4.8-kb conserved exon. In Cytogenetic and genome research, 98, 160-8. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12697998/
4. Liu, Ze-Xian, Zhang, Xiao-Long, Zhao, Qi, Xu, Rui-Hua, Qiu, Miao-Zhen. 2022. Whole-Exome Sequencing Among Chinese Patients With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. In JAMA network open, 5, e2245836. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45836. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36484990/
5. Knight, Helen M, Pickard, Benjamin S, Maclean, Alan, Muir, Walter J, Blackwood, Douglas H R. . A cytogenetic abnormality and rare coding variants identify ABCA13 as a candidate gene in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. In American journal of human genetics, 85, 833-46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19944402/
6. Chen, Jianhua, Khan, Raja Amjad Waheed, Wang, Meng, Xu, Yifeng, Shi, Yongyong. 2016. Association between the variability of the ABCA13 gene and the risk of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. In The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 18, 550-556. doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1245442. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27712136/