RanBP1,也称为RANBP1,是一种重要的Ran GTP酶结合蛋白,主要参与细胞核和细胞质之间的蛋白质转运。RanBP1与Ran GTP酶形成复合物,调控细胞周期、核结构、DNA复制、有丝分裂的进入和退出、核蛋白的导入和RNA的导出等多个生物学过程。RanBP1的异常表达与多种疾病的发生和发展相关,包括22q11.2缺失综合征、小头畸形、结直肠癌等。
22q11.2缺失综合征是一种常见的染色体缺失综合征,患者常伴有面部畸形、心脏异常、免疫系统缺陷等症状。研究发现,RanBP1是22q11.2缺失综合征相关基因之一,其功能缺失会导致面部畸形,包括面中部骨骼发育异常、腭裂等[1]。RanBP1基因的突变还会影响神经系统的发育,导致小头畸形,影响皮质投射神经元的生成[2]。
RanBP1的异常表达还会影响免疫系统。研究发现,RanBP1在CD4+ T细胞中表达,参与调控Th17和Treg细胞的分化和功能。RanBP1的异常表达会导致Th17和Treg细胞比例失衡,影响免疫系统的调节和协调[3]。RanBP1还参与调控Th17细胞的病理分化,影响Th17细胞的成熟和功能[4]。
除了在22q11.2缺失综合征、小头畸形和免疫系统中的作用,RanBP1还与结直肠癌的发生和发展相关。研究发现,RanBP1在结直肠癌细胞中高表达,其表达水平与肿瘤分期和预后相关。RanBP1的过表达会促进结直肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和抑制细胞凋亡。RanBP1通过调节pre-miRNA的核输出,影响miRNA的表达,进而影响YAP的表达和Hippo信号通路的活性,促进结直肠癌的发生和发展[5]。
此外,RanBP1还参与调控有丝分裂纺锤体的组装。研究发现,RanBP1与RCC1和Ran形成复合物,调控RCC1的酶活性和空间分布,影响有丝分裂纺锤体的组装和稳定性[6]。RanBP1的磷酸化还会影响染色体结合RCC1池的动态变化,进而影响有丝分裂纺锤体的组装和稳定性[7]。
综上所述,RanBP1是一种重要的Ran GTP酶结合蛋白,参与调控细胞核和细胞质之间的蛋白质转运、细胞周期、核结构、DNA复制、有丝分裂的进入和退出、核蛋白的导入和RNA的导出等多个生物学过程。RanBP1的异常表达与多种疾病的发生和发展相关,包括22q11.2缺失综合征、小头畸形、结直肠癌等。RanBP1的研究有助于深入理解细胞核和细胞质之间的蛋白质转运机制和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Paronett, Elizabeth M, Bryan, Corey A, Maynard, Megan E, LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel, Maynard, Thomas M. . Ranbp1 modulates morphogenesis of the craniofacial midline in mouse models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. In Human molecular genetics, 32, 1959-1974. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddad030. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790128/
2. Paronett, Elizabeth M, Meechan, Daniel W, Karpinski, Beverly A, LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel, Maynard, Thomas M. 2014. Ranbp1, Deleted in DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, is a Microcephaly Gene That Selectively Disrupts Layer 2/3 Cortical Projection Neuron Generation. In Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 25, 3977-93. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu285. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25452572/
3. Brescia, Carolina, Audia, Salvatore, Pugliano, Alessia, Chiarella, Emanuela, Amato, Rosario. 2024. Metabolic drives affecting Th17/Treg gene expression changes and differentiation: impact on immune-microenvironment regulation. In APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, 132, 1026-1045. doi:10.1111/apm.13378. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38239016/
4. Brescia, Carolina, Dattilo, Vincenzo, D'Antona, Lucia, Perrotti, Nicola, Amato, Rosario. 2023. RANBP1, a member of the nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking-regulator complex, is the terminal-striking point of the SGK1-dependent Th17+ pathological differentiation. In Frontiers in immunology, 14, 1213805. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37441077/
5. Maynard, Thomas M, Haskell, Gloria T, Bhasin, Naina, Lieberman, Jeffrey A, LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel. . RanBP1, a velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome candidate gene, is expressed at sites of mesenchymal/epithelial induction. In Mechanisms of development, 111, 177-80. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11804793/
6. Battistoni, A, Guarguaglini, G, Degrassi, F, Cundari, E, Lavia, P. . Deregulated expression of the RanBP1 gene alters cell cycle progression in murine fibroblasts. In Journal of cell science, 110 ( Pt 19), 2345-57. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9410874/
7. Zheng, Dandan, Cao, Meng, Zuo, Siyu, Deng, Sitong, Yuan, Xiaoqin. 2021. RANBP1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating pre-miRNA nuclear export via a positive feedback loop with YAP. In Oncogene, 41, 930-942. doi:10.1038/s41388-021-02036-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34615998/