Eomesodermin(Eomes),也称为EOMES或T-box转录因子5(TBX5),是一种在多种生物学过程中发挥关键作用的转录因子。Eomes主要在免疫细胞,尤其是T细胞中表达,对免疫细胞的发展和功能有重要影响。在T细胞中,Eomes与T-bet共同调控T细胞的分化和功能,参与调节细胞毒性T细胞的发育和效应功能,以及调节自然杀伤(NK)细胞的成熟。此外,Eomes在胚胎发育过程中也发挥着重要作用,与Brachyury等其他T-box转录因子协同调控中胚层和内胚层的发育。在肿瘤免疫治疗中,Eomes的表达水平与肿瘤免疫微环境和患者的治疗反应密切相关。
在黑色素瘤患者中,Eomes+CD69+CD45RO+的效应记忆T细胞亚群在联合免疫治疗中显著增多,且该细胞亚群的基因表达特征与患者更长的无进展生存期和更大的肿瘤缩小程度相关[1]。在肝脏转移的治疗中,Eomes CD4+ T细胞的增加与对治疗的抵抗相关,而通过联合CTLA-4免疫检查点阻断和干扰素α基因治疗,可以扩大肿瘤反应性T细胞,从而提高治疗效果[2]。在炎症过程中,Eomes通过调控与线粒体组织和功能相关的基因的表达,促进CD4+ T细胞的存活,从而加剧炎症的严重性和慢性化[3]。在哺乳动物胚胎发育中,Eomes与Brachyury共同调控中胚层和内胚层的发育,Eomes在早期原肠胚形成过程中抑制Brachyury的功能,以确保正确的细胞谱系特化顺序[4]。在肝细胞癌中,巨噬细胞来源的衣康酸通过表观遗传诱导Eomes介导的CD8+ T细胞耗竭,促进肿瘤进展[5]。在乳腺癌的分类中,基于免疫基因组分析,Eomes是免疫高表达亚型中一个重要的转录因子,与更好的生存预后相关[6]。在自然杀伤细胞中,Eomes和T-bet通过不同的基因调控和表观遗传变化,促进自然杀伤细胞的分化和成熟[7]。在肿瘤中,Eomes+ Tr1样细胞与疾病进展相关,并且与对程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)靶向免疫治疗的反应相关[8]。在自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤中,Eomes是超增强子驱动的关键转录因子之一,其高表达与患者的不良预后相关[9]。在早期妊娠中,Eomes+的NK细胞亚群通过分泌生长促进因子促进胎儿发育[10]。
综上所述,Eomes作为一种关键的转录因子,在免疫细胞分化和功能、胚胎发育、肿瘤免疫微环境以及疾病进展中发挥着重要作用。深入研究Eomes的功能和调控机制,有助于我们更好地理解其参与的生物学过程,并为相关疾病的治疗提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
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