EGLN3,也称为Egl-9家族缺氧诱导因子3,是一种重要的缺氧诱导因子(HIF)信号通路相关的蛋白质。EGLN3属于脯氨酰羟化酶家族,该家族在缺氧条件下通过羟基化HIF-α亚基的脯氨酸残基,从而调节HIF的稳定性和活性。HIF是细胞对低氧环境适应的关键转录因子,参与调控多种生物学过程,包括血管生成、细胞代谢、肿瘤生长和转移等[3]。
EGLN3的表达受到缺氧的调控,低氧条件下EGLN3的表达上调,而正常氧条件下EGLN3的表达下调。EGLN3的羟基化活性受到HIF的负反馈调节,HIF可以结合到EGLN3的启动子上,抑制EGLN3的表达[3]。
研究表明,EGLN3在多种癌症中发挥重要作用。例如,在肺癌中,EGLN3的表达上调与较差的预后相关,EGLN3通过调节DNA损伤修复相关通路和TGF-β信号通路,影响免疫检查点抑制剂和化疗药物的疗效[1]。在胃癌中,EGLN3的表达下调与较差的预后相关,EGLN3通过抑制Jumonji C结构域蛋白8介导的NF-κB信号通路激活,抑制胃癌细胞的恶性进展[2]。在肾细胞癌中,EGLN3的表达上调与较差的预后相关,EGLN3通过调节miR-1224-3p/HMGXB3轴和miR-1299/IRF7轴,影响肾细胞癌的增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡[4][5]。此外,EGLN3还参与调节骨骼肌分化和Myogenin蛋白的稳定性[6]。
综上所述,EGLN3是一种重要的缺氧诱导因子信号通路相关的蛋白质,参与调控多种生物学过程,包括血管生成、细胞代谢、肿瘤生长和转移等。EGLN3在多种癌症中发挥重要作用,影响癌症的发生和发展。深入研究EGLN3的生物学功能和调控机制,有助于揭示癌症的发生和发展机制,为癌症的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略[7]。
参考文献:
1. Sun, Shijie, Wang, Kai, Guo, Deyu, Shen, Hongchang, Du, Jiajun. 2024. Identification of the key DNA damage response genes for predicting immunotherapy and chemotherapy efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma based on bulk, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics. In Computers in biology and medicine, 171, 108078. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108078. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38340438/
2. Cai, Fenglin, Yang, Xiuding, Ma, Gang, Dong, Cheng, Deng, Jingyu. 2024. EGLN3 attenuates gastric cancer cell malignant characteristics by inhibiting JMJD8/NF-κB signalling activation independent of hydroxylase activity. In British journal of cancer, 130, 597-612. doi:10.1038/s41416-023-02546-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38184692/
3. Pescador, Nuria, Cuevas, Yolanda, Naranjo, Salvador, Landázuri, Manuel O, Del Peso, Luis. . Identification of a functional hypoxia-responsive element that regulates the expression of the egl nine homologue 3 (egln3/phd3) gene. In The Biochemical journal, 390, 189-97. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15823097/
4. Zhang, Gang, Wang, Jianqiang, Tan, Wei, Sun, Yi, Li, Hang. 2021. Circular RNA EGLN3 silencing represses renal cell carcinoma progression through the miR-1224-3p/HMGXB3 axis. In Acta histochemica, 123, 151752. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151752. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34274607/
5. Lin, Ling, Cai, Jianhua. 2020. Circular RNA circ-EGLN3 promotes renal cell carcinoma proliferation and aggressiveness via miR-1299-mediated IRF7 activation. In Journal of cellular biochemistry, 121, 4377-4385. doi:10.1002/jcb.29620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31904147/
6. Fu, Jian, Menzies, Keon, Freeman, Robert S, Taubman, Mark B. 2007. EGLN3 prolyl hydroxylase regulates skeletal muscle differentiation and myogenin protein stability. In The Journal of biological chemistry, 282, 12410-8. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17344222/
7. Shi, Yuan-Xiang, Dai, Peng-Hui, Chen, Tao, Yan, Jian-Hua. 2024. Comprehensive analysis and experimental verification reveal the molecular characteristics of EGLN3 in pan-cancer and its relationship with the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer. In Heliyon, 10, e33206. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39021988/