ACTN1,即α-actinin 1,是一种细胞骨架蛋白,属于actinin家族,主要在非肌肉细胞中表达。它通过其N端肌动蛋白结合结构域与肌动蛋白丝相互作用,并通过其C端钙调素样结构域与多种信号分子相互作用,参与细胞骨架的构建、细胞运动、细胞粘附和细胞信号传导等过程。ACTN1在多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用,包括细胞增殖、分化、迁移和侵袭等,与多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关。
ACTN1在多种肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用。研究发现,ACTN1在头颈鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)组织中表达上调,与肿瘤的发生、发展和化疗耐药性密切相关[1]。ACTN1通过促进MYH9依赖的GSK-3β降解和整合素β1介导的FAK磷酸化,增强β-catenin信号通路活性,从而促进HNSCC的发生和发展[1]。此外,ACTN1还与ITGA5相互作用,共同促进HNSCC细胞的增殖、侵袭和上皮-间质转化(EMT),进而促进肿瘤的生长和转移[4]。
ACTN1还与血小板减少症的发生和发展密切相关。研究发现,ACTN1基因突变可导致遗传性巨血小板减少症,表现为血小板数量减少、体积增大和功能异常[2,3,5,6,9]。这些突变主要发生在ACTN1的肌动蛋白结合结构域和钙调素样结构域,导致肌动蛋白骨架的解组织和血小板功能的异常。此外,ACTN1还与胆管癌的发生和发展密切相关。研究发现,ACTN1在胆管癌组织中表达上调,与肿瘤的发生、发展和患者预后不良密切相关[7]。ACTN1在胆管癌中的具体作用机制尚不明确,但可能与细胞增殖、侵袭和转移等过程有关。
ACTN1还与甲状腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。研究发现,ACTN1在甲状腺癌组织中表达上调,与肿瘤的发生、发展和患者预后不良密切相关[8]。ACTN1通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路,促进甲状腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,进而促进肿瘤的发生和发展[8]。
综上所述,ACTN1是一种重要的细胞骨架蛋白,在多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用,与多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关。ACTN1在肿瘤、血小板减少症、胆管癌和甲状腺癌等疾病中的具体作用机制尚需进一步研究。深入研究ACTN1的功能和作用机制,有助于开发新的治疗方法,为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Cui, Li, Lu, Ye, Zheng, Jiarong, Guo, Bing, Zhao, Xinyuan. 2023. ACTN1 promotes HNSCC tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance by enhancing MYH9-dependent degradation of GSK-3β and integrin β1-mediated phosphorylation of FAK. In Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 42, 335. doi:10.1186/s13046-023-02904-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38057867/
2. Westbury, Sarah K, Shoemark, Deborah K, Mumford, Andrew D. 2017. ACTN1 variants associated with thrombocytopenia. In Platelets, 28, 625-627. doi:10.1080/09537104.2017.1356455. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28856919/
3. Vincenot, Anne, Saultier, Paul, Kunishima, Shinji, Schlegel, Nicole, Alessi, Marie-Christine. 2019. Novel ACTN1 variants in cases of thrombocytopenia. In Human mutation, 40, 2258-2269. doi:10.1002/humu.23840. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31237726/
4. Wang, Rui, Gao, Ying, Zhang, Huimin. . ACTN1 interacts with ITGA5 to promote cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 26, 200-207. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2022.67056.14703. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36742137/
5. Bottega, Roberta, Marconi, Caterina, Faleschini, Michela, Savoia, Anna, Noris, Patrizia. 2014. ACTN1-related thrombocytopenia: identification of novel families for phenotypic characterization. In Blood, 125, 869-72. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-594531. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25361813/
6. Faleschini, Michela, Melazzini, Federica, Marconi, Caterina, Savoia, Anna, Noris, Patrizia. 2018. ACTN1 mutations lead to a benign form of platelet macrocytosis not always associated with thrombocytopenia. In British journal of haematology, 183, 276-288. doi:10.1111/bjh.15531. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30351444/
7. Lapitz, Ainhoa, Azkargorta, Mikel, Milkiewicz, Piotr, Rodrigues, Pedro M, Banales, Jesus M. 2023. Liquid biopsy-based protein biomarkers for risk prediction, early diagnosis, and prognostication of cholangiocarcinoma. In Journal of hepatology, 79, 93-108. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.027. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36868481/
8. Chen, Song, Luo, Xue, Wang, Wentai, Gao, Qing-Jun, Zhao, Dai-Wei. 2024. ACTN1 promotes cell invasion, migration, and EMT in thyroid cancer and is associated with immune infiltration. In Scientific reports, 14, 32060. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83719-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39738470/
9. Yasutomi, Motoko, Kunishima, Shinji, Okazaki, Shintaro, Tsuchida, Shinya, Ohshima, Yusei. 2015. ACTN1 rod domain mutation associated with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. In Annals of hematology, 95, 141-144. doi:10.1007/s00277-015-2517-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453073/