FAM136A,全称为Family with sequence similarity 136, member A,是人类基因组中一个基因,其在不同物种中高度保守。FAM136A编码一个线粒体蛋白,其具体功能尚不明确,但已有研究表明该基因可能与多种疾病有关,包括Meniere's disease (MD)和某些类型的癌症。
Meniere's disease是一种慢性内耳疾病,其特征为反复发作的眩晕、耳鸣、耳内压力增加和感音神经性听力损失。研究表明,5%至15%的MD病例具有家族聚集性,提示遗传因素在MD的发生发展中可能起着重要作用。近期的研究通过全基因组测序和全外显子组测序等方法,已经发现了FAM136A和DTNA等基因与家族性MD相关[4,6]。FAM136A和DTNA的突变可能导致内耳功能异常,从而引发MD的相关症状。
在动物模型研究中,FAM136A基因的敲除小鼠表现出听力问题和轻微的行为改变,这进一步支持了FAM136A基因与MD之间的关联[2]。此外,DTNA和FAM136A基因敲除小鼠也被认为是MD的潜在动物模型,有助于研究MD的分子机制并开发基因特异性治疗方法[1]。
除了MD,FAM136A还与其他疾病有关。例如,研究表明FAM136A在食管癌中高表达,并且与淋巴结转移和总生存期相关。FAM136A可能通过促进肥大细胞浸润、调节m6A修饰、增加保留内含子事件、抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡以及通过ceRNA网络促进食管癌的进展[3]。此外,FAM136A在肺腺癌中的免疫反应性与淋巴结转移和患者生存相关,表明FAM136A可能在肺癌的发生和发展中起着重要作用[5]。
综上所述,FAM136A是一个具有重要生物学功能的基因,其突变与MD等疾病的发生发展有关。FAM136A的研究有助于深入理解这些疾病的分子机制,并为开发新的治疗方法提供新的思路和策略。随着对FAM136A的进一步研究,我们有望更好地理解其功能及其在疾病中的作用,从而为患者提供更精准的诊疗方案。
参考文献:
1. Lopez-Escamez, Jose A, Liu, Ying. 2023. Epidemiology and genetics of Meniere's disease. In Current opinion in neurology, 37, 88-94. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001227. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37865853/
2. Tan, Chieh-Hsiang, Park, Heenam, Sternberg, Paul W. 2022. Loss of famh-136/ FAM136A results in minor locomotion and behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. In microPublication biology, 2022, . doi:10.17912/micropub.biology.000553. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35668716/
3. Sun, Shaowu, Huang, Chunyao, Fan, Wenbo, Zhang, Guoqing, Li, Xiangnan. 2024. FAM136A as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Esophageal Cancer: Insights into Immune Infiltration, m6A Modification, Alternative Splicing, Cuproptosis, and the ceRNA Network. In Advanced biology, 8, e2400157. doi:10.1002/adbi.202400157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39185769/
4. Requena, Teresa, Cabrera, Sonia, Martín-Sierra, Carmen, Lysakowski, Anna, Lopez-Escamez, José A. 2014. Identification of two novel mutations in FAM136A and DTNA genes in autosomal-dominant familial Meniere's disease. In Human molecular genetics, 24, 1119-26. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu524. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25305078/
5. Zhao, Liufang, Ge, Chunlei, Zhang, Zhiwei, Song, Xin, Li, Gaofeng. . FAM136A immunoreactivity is associated with nodal involvement and survival in lung adenocarcinoma in a Chinese case series. In Bioengineered, 11, 261-271. doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1735611. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32098576/
6. Escalera-Balsera, Alba, Roman-Naranjo, Pablo, Lopez-Escamez, Jose Antonio. 2020. Systematic Review of Sequencing Studies and Gene Expression Profiling in Familial Meniere Disease. In Genes, 11, . doi:10.3390/genes11121414. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33260921/