HELZ2,也称为Helicase With Zinc Finger 2,是一种在人类中广泛表达的基因。它编码的蛋白质具有多种生物学功能,包括RNA降解、RNA解旋和作为转录共激活因子。HELZ2的表达受到干扰素(IFN)的调控,在病毒感染和免疫反应中发挥重要作用。
HELZ2是一种具有3'-5'外切核糖核酸酶活性的蛋白质,它能够降解RNA分子,从而影响基因表达和RNA稳定性。此外,HELZ2还包含两个RNA解旋酶结构域和几个锌指结构,这些结构域与RNA的结合和解旋有关,可能参与调控RNA的加工和运输。
研究表明,HELZ2的表达受到IFN的诱导,在病毒感染和免疫反应中发挥重要作用。HELZ2能够抑制人类长散在核元件-1(LINE-1)的逆转录转座和LINE-1 RNA介导的I型干扰素(IFN-α)诱导。此外,HELZ2还能够抑制登革病毒的复制,通过上调肝细胞中瘦素受体(Leprb)的表达,改善高脂饮食引起的肥胖和脂肪肝。
此外,HELZ2还与脂肪细胞分化有关。HELZ2与甲状腺激素受体相关蛋白3(THRAP3)相互作用,共同增强过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)介导的基因激活,从而促进脂肪细胞的分化。HELZ2的缺失会导致脂肪细胞分化的抑制和脂肪沉积的减少。
HELZ2的表达还与一些疾病的发生和进展有关。研究表明,HELZ2的表达在阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者中下调,可能与AD的神经退行性变有关。此外,HELZ2的基因变异与原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的易感性相关,提示HELZ2可能在自身免疫性疾病的发生中发挥作用。
综上所述,HELZ2是一种重要的基因,参与调控RNA的降解、RNA解旋和转录共激活,在病毒感染、免疫反应、脂肪细胞分化和疾病发生中发挥重要作用。进一步研究HELZ2的生物学功能和作用机制,有助于深入理解RNA代谢和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]。
参考文献:
1. Luqman-Fatah, Ahmad, Watanabe, Yuzo, Uno, Kazuko, Moran, John V, Miyoshi, Tomoichiro. 2023. The interferon stimulated gene-encoded protein HELZ2 inhibits human LINE-1 retrotransposition and LINE-1 RNA-mediated type I interferon induction. In Nature communications, 14, 203. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35757-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36639706/
2. Huntzinger, Eric, Sinteff, Jordan, Morlet, Bastien, Séraphin, Bertrand. . HELZ2: a new, interferon-regulated, human 3'-5' exoribonuclease of the RNB family is expressed from a non-canonical initiation codon. In Nucleic acids research, 51, 9279-9293. doi:10.1093/nar/gkad673. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37602378/
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8. Katano-Toki, Akiko, Satoh, Tetsurou, Tomaru, Takuya, Yamada, Masanobu, Mori, Masatomo. 2013. THRAP3 interacts with HELZ2 and plays a novel role in adipocyte differentiation. In Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 27, 769-80. doi:10.1210/me.2012-1332. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23525231/
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