MYZAP,全称为心肌连接粘附蛋白(Myocardial Zonula Adherens Protein),是一种在心脏肌肉细胞中表达的保守蛋白,主要存在于心肌细胞的闰盘结构中。闰盘是心肌细胞之间的连接结构,对于维持心脏肌肉细胞的机械稳定性和协调收缩至关重要。MYZAP在心脏功能中扮演着重要的角色,其功能异常与多种心脏疾病的发生和发展相关联。
MYZAP的表达和稳定性受到多种调控机制的影响。例如,研究发现,m6A修饰的MYZAP mRNA与YTHDF2蛋白结合,而YTHDF2蛋白的缺失会导致MYZAP mRNA的降解,进而影响心脏功能[1]。此外,MYZAP基因中的功能缺失变异也与心脏疾病相关。例如,研究发现,MYZAP基因的双等位基因功能缺失变异会导致严重的扩张型心肌病[2,3]。此外,MYZAP基因中的编码变异也与心房颤动的风险增加相关[4]。
除了心脏疾病,MYZAP还与其他疾病的发生和发展相关。例如,研究发现,MYZAP基因的变异与一种称为El Bagre-EPF的新发地方性天疱疮变体相关。El Bagre-EPF患者中,抗心肌抗体与MYZAP、p0071、desmoplakins 1和2以及ARVCF共定位[5]。此外,MYZAP还与肾损伤相关。研究发现,El Bagre-EPF患者中,抗肾抗体与MYZAP、p0071、desmoplakins 1-2和ARVCF共定位,导致肾损伤[6]。此外,El Bagre-EPF患者还可能发生心脏节律和起搏异常,这些异常可能与心肌抗体、补体、纤维蛋白原和其他分子的沉积有关[7]。
综上所述,MYZAP在心脏功能和多种疾病的发生和发展中发挥着重要的作用。MYZAP的表达和稳定性受到多种调控机制的影响,包括m6A修饰和YTHDF2蛋白的结合。MYZAP基因中的功能缺失变异与扩张型心肌病和心房颤动的风险增加相关。此外,MYZAP还与其他疾病的发生和发展相关,包括El Bagre-EPF和肾损伤。MYZAP的研究有助于深入理解心脏疾病和其他疾病的发病机制,为疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Golubeva, Volha A, Dorn, Lisa E, Gilbert, Christopher J, Terentyev, Dmitry, Accornero, Federica. 2023. Loss of YTHDF2 Alters the Expression of m6A-Modified Myzap and Causes Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. In JACC. Basic to translational science, 8, 1180-1194. doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37791304/
2. Ochoa, Juan Pablo, Lalaguna, Laura, Mirelis, Jesús G, Lara-Pezzi, Enrique, Garcia-Pavia, Pablo. 2024. Biallelic Loss of Function Variants in Myocardial Zonula Adherens Protein Gene (MYZAP) Cause a Severe Recessive Form of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. In Circulation. Heart failure, 17, e011226. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.123.011226. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38436102/
3. Maver, Ales, Zigman, Tamara, Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf, Baric, Ivo, Peterlin, Borut. 2022. A biallelic loss-of-function variant in MYZAP is associated with a recessive form of severe dilated cardiomyopathy. In Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies, 8, . doi:10.1101/mcs.a006221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35840178/
4. Thorolfsdottir, Rosa B, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Sulem, Patrick, Holm, Hilma, Stefansson, Kari. 2018. Coding variants in RPL3L and MYZAP increase risk of atrial fibrillation. In Communications biology, 1, 68. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0068-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271950/
5. Jin, M-Q, Huang, B-Y, Lu, D-Y, Huang, J-Y, Ma, L. . Identification and verification of feature biomarkers associated with immune cells in recurrent pregnancy loss. In European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 28, 556-570. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202401_35053. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38305600/
6. Heliö, Krista, Mäyränpää, Mikko I, Saarinen, Inka, Heliö, Tiina, Koskenvuo, Juha. 2021. GRINL1A Complex Transcription Unit Containing GCOM1, MYZAP, and POLR2M Genes Associates with Fully Penetrant Recessive Dilated Cardiomyopathy. In Frontiers in genetics, 12, 786705. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.786705. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34899865/
7. Roginski, Raymond S, Lau, Chi W, Santoiemma, Phillip P, Soteropoulos, Patricia, Yang, Jay. 2018. The human GCOM1 complex gene interacts with the NMDA receptor and internexin-alpha. In Gene, 648, 42-53. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.029. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29339073/