基因Ldlrad4(低密度脂蛋白受体类A结构域包含4)是一种编码蛋白质的基因,其在生物体内发挥着重要的生理功能。该基因编码的蛋白质在细胞信号传导中扮演着关键角色,特别是与转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)信号通路相关。TGF-β信号通路在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和迁移等过程中发挥着重要作用,而这些过程与多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关。
基因Ldlrad4的表达与多种疾病相关。例如,有研究发现,在牙周炎患者中,Ldlrad4的表达与牙周炎相关的临床和微生物特征相关[1]。此外,Ldlrad4的表达还与肝细胞癌的发生和发展有关,Ldlrad4的表达升高可以促进肝细胞癌细胞的增殖和迁移[3]。此外,Ldlrad4的表达还与颅内出血相关,Ldlrad4的表达水平在颅内出血患者的血液中有所改变[4]。
此外,基因Ldlrad4的表达还与一些疾病的发生和发展有关。例如,研究发现,在非遗传毒性肝致癌物处理的大鼠肝脏中,Ldlrad4的表达下调,并且与TGF-β信号通路的激活相关[2,6]。此外,Ldlrad4的表达还与类风湿性关节炎相关,类风湿性关节炎患者的Ldlrad4基因存在低甲基化现象[5]。此外,Ldlrad4的表达还与胃肠道间质瘤的预后相关,Ldlrad4的表达水平可以作为一个独立的预后指标[7]。
综上所述,基因Ldlrad4的表达与多种疾病相关,包括牙周炎、肝细胞癌、颅内出血、非遗传毒性肝致癌物诱导的肝脏癌变、类风湿性关节炎和胃肠道间质瘤。Ldlrad4的表达与TGF-β信号通路相关,该信号通路在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和迁移等过程中发挥着重要作用。因此,基因Ldlrad4的研究对于深入理解这些疾病的发生和发展机制,以及寻找新的治疗靶点和药物具有重要意义。
参考文献:
1. Yang, Teresa, Cheng, Bin, Noble, James M, Reitz, Christiane, Papapanou, Panos N. 2022. Replication of gene polymorphisms associated with periodontitis-related traits in an elderly cohort: the Washington Heights/Inwood Community Aging Project Ancillary Study of Oral Health. In Journal of clinical periodontology, 49, 414-427. doi:10.1111/jcpe.13605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35179257/
2. Ito, Yuko, Nakajima, Kota, Masubuchi, Yasunori, Yoshida, Toshinori, Shibutani, Makoto. . Expression Characteristics of Genes Hypermethylated and Downregulated in Rat Liver Specific to Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens. In Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 169, 122-136. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz027. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30690589/
3. Liu, Zhenxing, Huo, Xin, Zhao, Shuang, Gao, Yingtang, Diao, Aipo. 2017. Low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 4 (LDLRAD4) promotes tumorigenesis of hepatic cancer cells. In Experimental cell research, 360, 189-198. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28888937/
4. Jin, Feng, Li, Lei, Hao, Yuehan, Wang, Yuye, He, Zhiyi. 2021. Identification of Candidate Blood mRNA Biomarkers in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Integrated Microarray and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. In Frontiers in genetics, 12, 707713. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.707713. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34349791/
5. Song, Jingjing, Liu, Zhen, Yang, Fan, Zhang, Ting, Pan, Zhenglun. 2025. Hypomethylation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 4 gene in rheumatoid arthritis. In Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 272, 110441. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2025.110441. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39870147/
6. Ito, Yuko, Nakajima, Kota, Masubuchi, Yasunori, Yoshida, Toshinori, Shibutani, Makoto. 2020. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing protein 4 (Ldlrad4) in the liver of rats treated with nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen to induce transforming growth factor β signaling promoting cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis in early hepatocarcinogenesis. In Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 40, 1467-1479. doi:10.1002/jat.3998. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32596862/
7. Xie, Wei, Xiao, He, Luo, Jia, Chen, Chuan, Wang, Ge. 2020. Identification of low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 4 (LDLRAD4) as a prognostic indicator in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In Current problems in cancer, 44, 100593. doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100593. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32507364/